PALEOMONSOONS OF CHINA OVER THE LAST 130,000 YEARS——PALEOMONSOON VARIATION

Based upon the effect of land-sea interaction on the paleomonsoon variation and the time series of climatic proxy-indicators, the historical Asian monsoon variation over the last 130,000 and 18,000 years has been reconstructed with an emphasis on the basic characteristics of summer monsoon circulation. The monsoon-climatic cycles and associated model of environmental development over the central and eastern China are proposed and the mechanism of paleomonsoon variation of China preliminarily discussed. The variation of East Asian monsoon circulation should be regarded as a regional result of both solar-radiation changes and the global glacial-interglacial cycles. The episodic uplifting of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau since the late Miocene has to a large extent controlled the forming and evolution of the paleomonsoon circulation of China.     

中国内陆大气颗粒物的搬运、沉积及反映的气候变化——Ⅰ.现代大气气溶胶

分析了中国内陆3个地点尘暴和非尘暴期间大气颗粒物中17种微量元素的浓度-粒度分布。表明这些地点的大气颗粒物主要由矿物气溶胶(即粉尘)组成。对黄土高原上空非尘暴大气微量元素的统计分析,导出粗粒子主要有两种来源——土壤粉尘和被污染的粉尘,细粒子的两种来源是土壤粉尘和人为污染物。在年尺度上,粉尘对黄土高原的大气干输入主要取决于非尘暴过程。利用清除系数估算的粉尘湿沉积通量只占总沉积的4％—11％。     

最近130ka中国的古季风——Ⅱ.古季风变迁

根据海陆相互作用对古季风变迁的影响和代用气候指标的时间序列,初步重建了最近130ka和18ka东亚季风变迁的历史,重点阐述了夏季风环流活动的基本特征,提出了中国中、东部季风气候旋回及有关环境过程模式,初步探讨了我国古季风变迁的机制。     

PALEOMONSOONS OF CHINA OVER THE LAST 130,000 YEARS——PALEOMONSOON RECORDS

The characteristics of the modern monsoon climate o?China may be used as clues for recognizing the records of paleomonsoon climate. The present paper deals primarily with the various paleomonsoon records of the last 130,000 years in the southeast monsoon area. These records mainly come from the following three fields: (i) the historical, (ii) the geological, including loess-paleosol sequence, deserts, lakes, snowlines, timberlines, the phenomena of continental desertization and so on, and (iii) the biological, presented by vegetation and mammals. Among these records, the loess-paleosol sequence in the Loess Plateau reflects a climatic history characterized by alternation of two different climatic periods when the Asian winter monsoon and summer monsoon showed pronounced effects on environment, respectively.     

黄土中微玻璃陨石和微玻璃球的发现与意义

首次在陆相沉积物-黄土中发现了16颗微玻璃陨石和3颗陨石消融型si-Mg微玻璃球。它们赋存于洛川黄土剖面中B/M界线之上,L8上部层位中,其沉降年龄为0.72—0.724Ma,与深海岩芯中澳-亚群微玻璃陨石的赋存层位一致,黄土中微玻璃陨石呈球状、椭球状、肾状、滴状及不规则状,颜色以微黄褐色,微黄绿色和浅黄棕色为主,少数为浅绿色、白色及无色透明球粒,粒径在65—220μm之间,多具溶蚀痕迹,但仍可见明显的气孔和凹坑,并发育有流动构造和熔渣构造。据其主量元素成分,黄土中微玻璃陨石可分为普通、瓶绿色和高铝微玻璃陨石三个化学群,其化学成分分别与深海岩芯中相同类型的微玻璃陨石相同。据其地理位置,赋存层位,沉降年龄及化学成分,这些黄土中微玻璃陨石属澳-亚散落群。微量元素研究表明,微玻璃陨石具有复杂的形成过程,其母源物质是多来源的。     

最近130ka中国的古季风——Ⅰ.古季风记录

现今中国季风气候的特点可以作为辨认古季风气候记录的线索。文中着重阐述最近130ka东南季风区的各种古季风记录,它们主要是:历史记录,包括黄土-古土壤序列、沙漠、湖泊、雪线和林线、大陆架沙漠化现象等的地质记录,由植被和哺乳动物代表的生物记录。其中,黄土高原的黄土-古土壤序列反映了过去亚洲冬季风和夏季风的环境效应突出气候期相互交替的历史。亚洲古季风变迁是中国古气候和古环境变迁的一个重要控制因素。     

中国内陆大气颗粒物的搬运、沉积及反映的气候变化——Ⅱ.黄土高原中部晚第四纪大气矿物气溶胶沉积

测定了中国黄土高原中部晚第四纪黄土的粒度分布及其中15种元素的含量。通过元素浓度的绝对主分量分析证明,黄土是两种过程作用产物的混合体,即风成大气粉尘和粉尘沉积后经再作用转化的物质。风成粉尘是黄土高原中部黄土的主要组分(≥90％)。粗粒子方式和细粒子方式中粒子量及其比值,两种不同过程产生的粒子中元素浓度之比,大气输入粉尘中元素的通量,以及Ca的总浓度都能敏感地反映东亚季风气候的变迁。     

Microtektites and Glassy Microspherules in Loess: Their Discoveries and Implications

It is first in continental sediment-loess that 16 microtektites and 3 ablated glassy Si-Mg microspherules were found. They occur only in the upper layer of L8, a 40—70-cm horizon above the B/M boundary. The age of deposition is about 0.72 Ma. Microtektites in loess are usually sphere, speroid, kidney-form, tear-drop and irregular debris in shape. They are transparent and translucent, and some have the shade of green, amber and yellow in color. Their sizes range from 65 to 220μm. Most of microtektites were badly pitted and corroded, but there remain bubbles, cavities and scorious and flow microstructure in some ones. On the basis of their major oxide compositions, microtektites in loess may be divided into three chemical groups that are described as normal, bottle-green and high-aluminium microtektite. They are similar in chemical composition to microtektites in deep-sea cores. Geochemistry of trace elements show that the origin of microtektite is very complicated and their parent materials are from mu