共晶含能材料研究进展

共晶是不同种类的分子(两种或两种以上)通过氢键等分子间相互作用,形成具有特定结构和性能的多组分分子晶体,不同含能材料形成共晶可以有效改善炸药的感度、安全性等性能。针对目前高能炸药的改性需求,共晶在含能材料领域中的应用具有巨大的潜力。综述了共晶的形成原理及生长特性,总结了常见共晶的制备方法和表征方法,评述了含能材料共晶的研究现状和发展前景。     

High-energy picosecond single-pass multi-stage optical parametric generator and amplifier

We demonstrate a new management of multi-stage optical parametric generator(OPG)and amplifier(OPA)to obtain high-energy picosecond sources with high beam quality.The setup of multi-stage OPG-OPA requires mode-matching between the pump beam and the stable mode of the OPG-OPA.In a proof-of-principle experiment,the single-pass multi-stage OPG-OPA consists of three walk-off compensated KTP crystal pairs and two lenses,pumped by an 86 ps,1064 nm 10 kHz picosecond laser.The signal light at~1.77μm has an average output power of 502 mW with record energy up to 50.2μJ.The beam quality factor of the signal light can be improved toM²_x ×M²_yafter filtering out about 40%signal power.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first picosecond single-pass multi-stage OPG-OPA pumped at kHz regime.     

A 45-μJ, 10-kHz,burst-mode picosecond optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped at a second harmonic cavity

A novel high-energy picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) was realized by placing an OPO in a second-harmonic (SH) cavity. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrated excellent burst energy of 45 μJ for the OPO signal at 900 nm that operates at a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz and a pulse width of 46.8 ps. The beam quality was measured as $M^{2}_{x} = 1.44$ and $M^{2}_{y} = 1.40$ in the orthogonal directions, corresponding to an average beam factor $M^{2} = 1.42$. So far, this study is the first to investigate high-energy ps OPO synchronously pumped in a second-harmonic cavity.     

纳米ZnO修饰电极上低电位检测酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸和乙醇

纳米ZnO修饰玻碳电极在0．23V对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）的氧化具有很好的催化活性,与裸电极上NADH的氧化电位0．70V相比,该电位降低了0．47V,同时增强了抗干扰能力,并在很大程度上减小了电极污染．以乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）为例,制备了ADH／ZnO修饰电极,可用于脱氢酶底物乙醇的快速、灵敏检测,并具有良好的重现性和稳定性．研究表明纳米ZnO为构建脱氢酶底物的电化学传感器提供了一种新的生物兼容性材料．     

微波萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定固体废物中的苯胺

苯胺是常用于染料制造、印染、橡胶、制药、塑料和油漆等的原料,其可通过呼吸道、消化道摄入人体,亦可通过皮肤吸收进入人体。苯胺对人体具有一定的毒害作用,主要是因为苯胺可使氧和血红蛋白转变为高铁血红蛋白,影响组织细胞供氧而造成内窒息。慢性中毒表现为神经系统症状和血象的变化,某些苯胺类化合物还具有致癌性[1]。苯胺类化合物一般在环境中有残留,因此分析环境样品中的苯胺类化合物十分重要。固体废物是指在生产建设、日常生活和其他活     

A High Conversion Efficiency Q-Switched Intracavity Nd:YVO_4/KTA Optical Parametric Oscillator under Direct Diode Pumping at 880nm

We report a high conversion efficiency Q-switched Nd:YVO_4/KTiOAsO_4(KTA) intracavity optical parametric oscillator(IOPO) operating near 3.5 um based on direct 880 nm laser diode(LD) pumping. A maximum average idler output power of 2.6 W with a pulse width of about 7.9 ns is achieved under an absorbed LD power of 45.4 W at a pulse repetition rate(PRR) of 10 kHz. The maximum optical-optical conversion efficiency from LD power to OPO mid-infrared(MIR) output of 6.74% is achieved. To our knowledge, this is the highest conversion efficiency for a KTA-IOPO by exploiting a Q-switched laser as the parent fundamental pump source. The beam quality factors M~2 of the MIR beam at the full output power with a PRR of 10 kHz are within 2.12 in both the horizontal and vertical directions, indicating a near Gaussian mode.     

有机试剂在头发消化过程中的作用研究

利用有机试剂对蛋白质和油脂的作用,建立了一种不需加热的快速有效消化头发的新方法,并对其作用机理进行了探讨。     

α1-酸性糖蛋白柱拆分马来酸曲美布汀对映体

以α1-AGP为固定相,建立了马来酸曲美布汀的HPLC对映体拆分方法.考察了流动相pH、缓冲盐溶液的浓度、有机改性剂种类和浓度、流速、柱温等对对映体分离的影响.优化后的色谱条件为Chiral-AGP(100 mm×4.0 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为10 mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲液(pH 3.8);流速为0.4 mL/min;柱温为35℃.马来酸曲美布汀对映体的保留时间分别为7.4 min和9.8 min;分离度为1.59.     

纳米ZnO修饰电极上低电位检测烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸和乙醇

纳米ZnO修饰玻碳电极在0.23 V对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的氧化具有很好的催化活性, 与裸电极上NADH的氧化电位0.70 V相比, 该电位降低了0.47 V, 同时增强了抗干扰能力, 并在很大程度上减小了电极污染. 以乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)为例, 制备了ADH/ZnO修饰电极, 可用于脱氢酶底物乙醇的快速、灵敏检测, 并具有良好的重现性和稳定性. 研究表明纳米ZnO为构建脱氢酶底物的电化学传感器提供了一种新的生物兼容性材料.     

二维材料电催化剂的构建及其CO2还原应用的研究进展

近年来,随着温室效应即全球变暖引发的环境问题越来越严峻,因此,CO2转化与再生引起了科学界的广泛关注,其中备受关注的是电催化CO2还原。而二维材料电催化剂可以将CO2还原为高附加值的多碳化合物,但催化剂的合成设计以及理论研究有待更多的研究。从发现石墨烯开始,二维材料的其他超薄层状结构的广泛研究逐渐出现。本文重点综述了石墨烯、MXenes、金属氧化物、二维MOFs和过渡金属硫族化合物等二维材料的构建以及其CO2还原电催化技术应用方面的最新进展,并简要的介绍了二维材料的分类和制备方法。讨论了电催化CO2还原的基本原理以及反应途径。指出了二维材料电催化剂面临的机遇和挑战,旨在对二维材料电催化剂的合成以及应用提供一些新的思路。