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971.
In proportion to the environmental pollution problems caused by organotin compounds, the genotoxicities of tin compounds in the environments have become of interest so as to estimate their safety in recent years. In this work, isolated λ-DNA (double-strand DNA) was incubated with inorganic tin(II) and tin(IV) and five organotin compounds [n-butyltin trichloride, di(n-butyltin) dichloride, methyltin trichloride, dimethyltin dichloride and trimethyltin chloride] in reaction systems both with and without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. The tin compounds tested in this study did not induce DNA breakage in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Divalent inorganic tin (SnCl2) and tetravalent inorganic tin (SnCl4) caused DNA breakage in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10 mM), and the DNA damage activity of inorganic tin was much more potent in divalent inorganic tin (SnCl2) than in tetravalent inorganic tin (SnCl4). Divalent inorganic tin (SnCl2) induced DNA breakage in a concentration-dependent fashion at concentrations greater than 0.1 mM of SnCl2 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10 mM). DNA breakage was not caused by n-butyltin compounds and methyltin compounds either in the presence or in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. 相似文献
972.
Precipitate-forming chemical reactions have been studied in chemically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) gel medium. One of the reactive components was incorporated into the gel, the other was allowed to diffuse into it. Depending on the experimental conditions the reaction-diffusion process often results in patterns of different type. Experiments performed in tubes and in thin layers were carried out in order to investigate the effects of various factors (cross-linking density, swelling degree as well as the concentrations of the outer and inner electrolytes) on the morphologies of the precipitate patterns. It was found that precipitation occurs not only in the Liesegang bands, but also between bands. Beside Liesegang-type structures, tree-like patterns have been observed, showing a characteristic periodicity in the density profile obtained by digitalized image analyses. 相似文献
973.
双(十二烷基亚磺酰)乙烷溶剂萃取钯及其机理的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究用双(十二烷基亚磺酰)乙烷萃取钯的性能,在KI存在下从7mol/L盐酸介质中用含有BDSE的氯仿能定量萃取钯,有机的钯可被硫脲或氨溶液反萃继之用TMK-TritonX-100光度法测定,研究了萃取的最佳条件及干扰情况,斜率法测得萃合物组成为Pd:I:BDSE=1:2:1,红外光谱证实萃合物中BDSE的二个亚砜以硫原子与钯配位,萃合物为异位体络合物,提出了选择性萃取分离钯的新方法。 相似文献
974.
Summary.
We consider a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method
applied in time to a model Volterra equation of the second kind.
A residual-based computable
Galerkin-error estimate is derived
for .
This estimate does not explicitly
contain the time step and therefore the time step
control must be based
on a heuristic criterion, the estimate can then be used to
demonstrate the integrity, or otherwise, of the finite element
solution. After performing some numerical experiments
we conclude that this approach is at least competetive
with classical discretizations since it is
computationally simple to implement,
but has the added advantage of
reliable error feedback.
Received June 25, 1995 相似文献
975.
Glucose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, ethanol and urea concentrations were monitored simultaneously during the cultivation of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of enzyme field effect transistors (EnFETs) applying glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), maltase (MAL)/GDH, invertase (INV)/GDH, β-galactosidase (β-GAL)/galactosedehydrogenase (GALDH), alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH)/aldehydedehydrogenase (ALDH), and urease. These enzymes were (co)immobilized on the pH sensitive gates of an eight-FET array. The FET array was integrated in a commercial FIA system. 相似文献
976.
Michael Bildhauer 《manuscripta mathematica》1998,97(3):389-406
H?lder continuity up to the free boundary is proved for minimizing solutions if they meet the supporting surface in an angle
which is bounded away from zero. The problem is localized by proving the continuity of the distance function, a result which
is also true for stationary points.
Received: 14 April 1998 相似文献
977.
978.
979.
Summary. A third-order accurate Godunov-type scheme for the approximate solution of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws is presented.
Its two main ingredients include: 1. A non-oscillatory piecewise-quadratic reconstruction of pointvalues from their given
cell averages; and 2. A central differencing based on staggered evolution of the reconstructed cell averages. This results in a third-order central scheme, an extension along the lines
of the second-order central scheme of Nessyahu and Tadmor \cite{NT}. The scalar scheme is non-oscillatory (and hence – convergent),
in the sense that it does not increase the number of initial extrema (– as does the exact entropy solution operator). Extension to systems is carried out by componentwise application of the scalar framework. In particular, we have the advantage that, unlike upwind schemes, no (approximate) Riemann
solvers, field-by-field characteristic decompositions, etc., are required. Numerical experiments confirm the high-resolution
content of the proposed scheme. Thus, a considerable amount of simplicity and robustness is gained while retaining the expected
third-order resolution.
Received April 10, 1996 / Revised version received January 20, 1997 相似文献
980.