A nuclear magnetic resonance study of toluene-polyisobutylene solutions. 2. Vrentas-Duda theory

The self-diffusion coefficients of toluene in polyisobutylene have been analyzed using the Vrentas-Duda free volume diffusion model. The diffusion coefficients were determined at different temperatures and concentrations, using the pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The data were satisfactorily described by the model and the size of the polymer jumping unit was extracted. Comparisons were made with the Fujita free volume theory and the Fujita free volume parameters were extracted from the Vrentas-Duda free volume parameters. From the diffusion data that now available, it can be concluded that for most polymers the jumping unit is about 1.5 times the polymer monomer molecular weight. The activation energy of the toluene diffusion in polyisobutylene is compared with the activation energies of other penetrants in the same polymer. The diffusion data presented in this work show that the energy per mole required to overcome the attractive forces which constrain a diffusing species to its neighbors should be considered to be zero, in order to be able to extract the free volume parameters (from viscosity and diffusion data) with an acceptable uncertainty. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Occurrence of stable periodic modes in a pendulum with cubic damping

Dynamical systems with nonlinear damping show interesting behavior in the periodic and chaotic phases. The Froude pendulum with cubical and linear damping is a paradigm for such a system. In this work the driven Froude pendulum is studied by the harmonic balancing method; the resulting nonlinear response curves are studied further for resonance and stability of symmetric oscillations with relatively low damping. The stability analysis is carried out by transforming the system of equations to the linear Mathieu equation.     

Normal Forms for Nonautonomous Differential Equations

We extend Henry Poincarés normal form theory for autonomous differential equations x=f(x) to nonautonomous differential equations x=f(t, x). Poincarés nonresonance condition λ_j−∑ⁿ_i=1 ?_iλ_i≠0 for eigenvalues is generalized to the new nonresonance condition λ_j∩∑ⁿ_i=1 ?_iλ_i=∅ for spectral intervals.     

B 1 inhomogeneity effects on spin density andT 1 contrast in MRI

Summary An analysis of the effect ofB ₁ inhomogeneity on spin density andT ₁ contrasted images is here given. Distortions both in saturation recovery and inversion recovery sequences are found. The impact of these distortions onin vivo spectroscopy, where quantitative data are required, is also discussed. In general, these aspects are found to be reduced at shortertime parameters of the pulse sequences. Work partially supported by Progetto Finalizzato Tecnologie Biomediche of CNR and by Esacontrol, Genova.     

On the extinction multipole plasmons in gold nanorods

On the basis of the T-matrix formalism and numerical simulations, we derive an explicit rule for partial multipole contributions to the plasmon resonances of gold nanorods at a fixed or random orientation. The parity of a given spectral resonance number n coincides with the parity of their multipole contributions l, where l is equal to or greater than n, and the total resonance magnitude is determined by the lowest multipole contribution. We also investigate the dependence of multipole plasmons on the size, shape, and orientation of nanorods with respect to the polarized incident light. It is shown that the multipole resonance wavelengths as a function of the aspect ratio divided by the resonance number collapse onto one linear scaling curve. This scaling is explained by using the plasmon standing wave concept introduced by Schider et al. [Plasmon dispersion relation of Au and Ag nanowires. Phys Rev B 2003;68:155427].     

Electron cyclotron resonance heating in a short cylindrical plasma system

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma is produced and studied in a small cylindrical system. Microwave power is delivered by a CW magnetron at 2.45 GHz in TE¹⁰ mode and launched radially to have extraordinary (X) wave in plasma. The axial magnetic field required for ECR in the system is such that the first two ECR surfaces (B = 875.0 G andB = 437.5 G) reside in the system. ECR plasma is produced with hydrogen with typical plasma density n^e as 3.2 × 10¹⁰ cm^-3 and plasma temperature T^e between 9 and 15 eV. Various cut-off and resonance positions are identified in the plasma system. ECR heating (ECRH) of the plasma is observed experimentally. This heating is because of the mode conversion of X-wave to electron Bernstein wave (EBW) at the upper hybrid resonance (UHR) layer. The power mode conversion efficiency is estimated to be 0.85 for this system. The experimental results are presented in this paper.     

Monte carlo simulation of the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum displayed by copper ceruloplasmin at 77 K

Summary Human ceruloplasmin contains several intrinsic copper ions, some of them being paramagnetic. The presence of two classes of paramagnetic Cu²⁺ ions (type I and type II) has been suggested, the two types having significantly different spectroscopic features. However, there are conflicting reports both on the ratio of the number of type-I to type-II Cu²⁺ and on their EPR spectroscopic parameters. By using a Monte Carlo method we obtained the best fit of the experimental spectrum with a synthesized composite spectrum generated by two type-I Cu²⁺ (type I _a and type I _b , possessing slightly different spin Hamiltonian parameters) and by one type-II Cu²⁺. Correspondingly, the EPR spectroscopic parameter (viz. theg-tensors, hyperfine couplings, line widths and molar fractions) together with their accuracies were determined.

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Riassunto La ceruloplasmina umana contiene diversi ioni Cu²⁺ alcuni dei quali sono paramagnetici. Di questi ne sono stati ipotizzati due tipi (tipo I e tipo II), ognuno dei quali con caratteristiche spettroscopiche diverse. Tuttavia esistono nei lavori precedenti discordanze sia sul numero di ioni Cu²⁺ che sui loro parametri EPR. Si è usato il metodo Montecarlo per ottenere il best fit dello spettro EPR della ceruloplasmina. Lo spettro simulato è risultato la somma di tre spettri, 2 di tipo I (tipo I _a e tipo I _b ) e 1 di tipo II. Sono stati così determinati i parametri relativi all'hamiltoniana di spin del sistema e le loro deviazioni standard.

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Резюме Человеческий церулоплазмин содержит несколяко собственных ионов меди, некоторые из которых являются парамгнитными. Предполагается наличие двух классов парамгнитных Cu²⁺ ионов (тип I и тип II). Эти два типа имеют существенно различные спектроскопические свойства. Однако имеются противо-речивые публикации об отношении числа ионов Cu²⁺ типа I к числу ионов Cu²⁺ типа II и об их ЭПР спектроскопических параметрах. Исполязуя метод Монте-Карло, мы получаем наилучшее согласие экспериментального спектра с синтесированным составным спектром, образованным спектрами Cu²⁺ типа I (тип I _a и тип I _b имеющие слегка различные параметры спинового Гамилятониана) и одного спектра Cu²⁺ типа II. Определяются ЭПР спектроскопические параметы (а именно:g-тензоры, сверхтонкие связи, ширины линий и молярные доли).

     

NO的多光子电离谱及跃迁通道的研究

本文对中间共振能级为A~2∑~+、F~2⊿、H~2∑和H’~3H态的NO四光子电离谱作了转动谱线标识及研究.提出了双共振及碰撞电离模型,以解释实验中出现的强度反常谱线.     

Geometric Analysis and Symbol Calculus: Fourier Transform Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Wavelets

Due to its unequalled advantages, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality has truly revolutionized the diagnosis and evaluation of pathology. Because many morphological anatomic details that may not be visualized by other high tech imaging methods can now be readily shown by diagnostic MRI, it has already become the standard modality by which all other clinical imaging techniques are measured. The unique quantum physical basis of the MRI modality combined with the imaging capabilities of current computer technology has made this imaging modality a target of interdisciplinary interest for clinicians, physicists, biologists, engineers, and mathematicians. Due to the fact that MRI scanners perform corticomorphic processing, this modality is by far more complex than all the other high tech clinical imaging techniques. The purpose of this paper is to outline a phase coherent wavelet approach to Fourier transform MRI. It is based on distributional harmonic analysis on the Heisenberg nilpotent Lie group G and the associated symplectically invariant symbol calculus of pseudodifferential operators. The contour and contrast resolution of MRI scans which is controlled by symplectic filter bank processing gives the noninvasive MRI modality superiority over X-ray computed tomography (CT) in soft tissue differentiation.     

受迫振动的能量共振

通过对受迫振动系统的功能，势能和总能量的分析，推证了受迫振动系统能量共振的频率，并对其结果进行了分析讨论。