锂铅合金释氚实验研究

由于锂铅合金因具有高增殖比、低活泼性和可能作为冷却剂的特点,被认为是最有潜力的能源堆包层氚增殖材料。在理论模型描述熔融锂铅合金氚释放行为的基础上,开展了中子辐照后Li₁₇Pb₈₃合金的离线氚释放实验。结果表明: 释放氚的化学形式99％以上为难溶于水的成分（HT或T2）; 氚滞留时间随载气中氢分压的增加而减小,氢分压达到1000 Pa后变为常数,且与实体积无关;氚释放速率对温度的依赖性符合Arrhenius定律。以此为基础得到的氚在熔融锂铅中的动力学参数结果,虽与文献值有差异,但同样证明了在633—973 K的范围内, 氚从液态锂铅到气相的整个释放过程中起决定作用的是氚在合金内的扩散和气\|液界面的多相反应重组。Lithium\|lead alloy is considered to be one of the most prominent tritium breeding materials for the fusion reactor blanket because of its high breeding ratio, and low reactivity and possible use as coolant. An out\|of\|pile experiment of tritium release from Li₁₇Pb₈₃ alloy was performed after neutron irradiation on the base of mathematical model to describe tritium release behavior from an eutectic lithium\|lead alloy. The results suggest that the dominant chemical form of the released tritium (>99%) was the water\| insoluble component (HT or T2). Tritium residence time decreased with increasing H₂pressure in carrier gas up to 1000 Pa, and above this concentration limit it became constant and not influenced by the plenum volume. The temperature dependence of the tritium release rate can be described by an Arrhenius law. Consequently, the present results on the kinetic parameters of tritium in molten Li₁₇Pb₈₃alloy are considered to be different from the values in literature, but it is the same that the overall release process is governed by the diffusion of tritium atoms in the Li₁₇Pb₈₃and by the heterogeneous reaction at the gas\|eutectic interface of the tritium atom recombination at temperatures from 633 to 973 K.     

例谈高考“视觉冲击题”对教学的导向作用

高考"视觉冲击题"是指一类非固化,有别于常规题的新题;它们取材于生产、科研和生活实际,具有新颖独到、构思巧妙、思维性强等特点.考生初次见识时,常出现目眩、思维混沌的状态;考后也是网上争论最多的话题.正因其突出体现了将实际问题     

相对运动动力学系统Appell方程Mei对称性导致的Mei守恒量

研究相对运动动力学系统Appell方程的Mei对称性及其直接导致的Mei守恒量.在群的无限小变换下,给出相对运动动力学系统Appell方程Mei对称性的定义和判据;得到相对运动动力学系统Appell方程Mei对称性的结构方程以及Mei对称性直接导致的Mei守恒量的表达式.举例说明结果的应用. 关键词： 相对运动动力学 Appell方程 Mei对称性 Mei守恒量     

不同功率下无工质微波推力器的推力预估

基于经典电动力学理论,从麦克斯韦方程组和麦克斯韦张量出发,推导出无工质微波推力器的推力计算方程. 应用有限元分析软件,计算了特定谐振模式下的特定圆台谐振腔在不同功率条件下的电磁场分布;根据推导出的理论计算公式,计算了不同功率条件下推力器的总推力. 计算结果表明:推力与功率成正比,而且磁场力决定着总推力的大小;圆台谐振腔消耗20–200 W电磁波功率时所产生的推力在20–250 mN范围内. 关键词： 电磁波 麦克斯韦张量     

Drift field improvement and test in a GEM-TPC prototype

With the help of Maxwell, Ansys and Garfield, a simulation of the electric field and the deviation of electron drift in the drift volume of a GEM-TPC prototype has been accomplished under the following conditions: Field Cages with one-side and double-side strips, with and without a guard ring. The advantage and necessity of a Field Cage with mirror strips and a guard ring were foreseen. According to the simulation results, TU-TPC was modified and tested; a larger effective area and better resolution were achieved.     

魔芋总生物碱量的测定

用酸性染料比色法测定魔芋总生物碱量,以盐酸金刚烷胺计,在2—10μg/mL范围内线性关系良好。设计正交试验选择总生物碱的最佳提取条件为：料液比1：12,乙醇浓度85%,索氏提取4h。     

蛋白质高分子药物载体研究进展

作为一类具有独特优势的生物高分子,蛋白质具有很好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、生物稳定性、极低的细胞毒性,且具有较高的载药性。在现有的多种药物载体中,基于动物蛋白的药物载体是最有潜力和值得关注的载药系统。常用于药物载体的动物蛋白中,使用较多的是白蛋白、胶原蛋白、乳清蛋白、角蛋白等。本文就几类重要的动物蛋白质载体的研究进展进行综述,并指出蛋白质高分子药物载体的发展方向。     

TG-MS与Py-GC相结合法研究惰性气氛下含硫模型化合物热解过程中硫的脱除及释放行为研究

采用热重-质谱法(TG-MS)和热解-气相色谱法(Py-MS)相结合的方法对模型化合物(十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚、苯硫醚、二甲基噻吩、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩等)在惰性气氛下硫的脱除及释放行为进行研究。惰性气氛下硫的脱除顺序为:十四硫醇>二丁基硫醚>二甲基噻吩>苯并噻吩>苯硫醚>二苯并噻吩,苯硫醚除外,该顺序与含硫官能团的热分解顺序一致。在热解过程中,所有模型化合物在质谱和气相色谱仪上均被检测到SO₂;除苯硫醚和二苯并噻吩外,其他模型化合物中均检测到了COS;而只在十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚和二甲基噻吩中检测到了H₂S。且热解气中SO₂含量要显著高于H₂S和COS。这是由于活性炭作载体时,惰性气氛下内部氢的含量显著小于内部氧的含量,所以大多数的含硫自由基易与内部氧结合以SO₂的形式逸出。对于苯硫醚、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩中没有检测到H₂S,是由于内部氢的不足,使得含硫自由基不能与内部氢结合,所以没有检测到H₂S逸出。     

Rapid,simple and selective determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol by molecularly imprinted spin column extraction coupled with fluorescence detection

A rapid, simple and selective method based on molecularly imprinted, spin column extraction coupled with fluorescence detection was successfully established for the determination of 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples. The 2,4-dinitrophenol imprinted polymers exhibited highly selective recognition for the template molecule and the maximum adsorption capacity was 138.9 mg/g. The results indicated that when water is used as the loading solution, only 2,4-dinitrophenol could be adsorbed on the spin column without the remaining structural analogs（2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol and phenol）. After eluting with acetonitrile/acetic acid（9/1, v/v）, 2,4-dinitrophenol in serum samples could be determined by using the fluorescence spectrometer, based on the fluorescence enhancement of fluorescein by the template molecule. Under the optimal conditions, the spiked recovery ranged from 95.8% to 103.4% and the detection limit was 1 nmol/L. The results confirmed the reliability and practicality of the protocol and revealed a good perspective of this method for biological sample analysis.     

Alkali metal cation doping of metal-organic framework for enhancing carbon dioxide adsorption capacity

Metal-organic frameworks （MOFs） have attracted much attention as adsorbents for the separation of CO2 from flue gas or natural gas. Here, a typical metal-organic framework HKUST-I（also named Cu-BTC or MOF-199） was chemically reduced by doping it with alkali metals （Li, Na and K） and they were further used to investigate their CO2 adsorption capacities. The structural information, surface chemistry and thermal behavior of the prepared adsorbent samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, thermo-gravimetric analysis （TGA） and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis. The results showed that the CO2 storage capacity of HKUST-1 doped with moderate quantities of Li＋, Na＋ and K＋, individually, was greater than that of unmodified HKUST-1. The highest CO2 adsorption uptake of 8.64 mmol/g was obtained with 1K-HKUST-1, and it was ca. 11% increase in adsorption capacity at 298 K and 18 bar as compared with HKUST- 1. Moreover, adsorption tests showed that HKUST-1 and 1K-HKUST-1 displayed much higher adsorption capacities of CO2 than those of N2. Finally, the adsorption/desorption cycle experiment revealed that the adsorption performance of 1K-HKUST-1 was fairly stable, without obvious deterioration in the adsorption capacity of CO2 after 10 cycles.