弱正交异性材料残余应力测量的声弹性方法

为了适应工程材料的残余应力无损测量的要求,本文将横波和纵波声弹性相结合,建立适用於弱正交异性材料的平面声弹性残余应力测量方法,并应用该方法及自行研制的横波换能器对焊接试件的二维残余应力进行了测试。     

热压电变分原理

热释电介的许多传感器及机敏结构或中的关键材料，本文系统地讨论了在基础理论和数值计算中极具重要地位的各类变分原理，包括准静态变分原理、动态变分原理和关于固有频率的变分原理。最后建立了关于静态压电要板的变分原理，并由此导出了各向异性压电板的控制方程及边界条件。     

高超音速湍流分离表面热流率的脉动特性

本文给出高超音速湍流分离不稳定特性的实验研究结果。试验条件是:自由流马赫数为 7.8,单位长度雷诺数为 3.5×10~7/米。分离流场由有限展长前向台阶产生,并用有高空间分辨率和快速响应的一列平齐安装的铂膜电阻温度计和多通道系统测量其表面热流率脉动。信号的条件采样分析结果表明:分离激波的根部由一束压缩波构成,流向展长约二分之一来流边界层厚度,在边界层外汇聚成单一主激波。这种激波结构极其不稳定,出现大尺度运动,流向运动的尺度约为分离激波上游影响区域长度的22％。激波振荡频率为一宽频带,主要集中在 1～3 千赫。在分离激波运动区域,热流脉动呈间歇性,在无扰动和激波扰动间跳跃。可以认为这种间歇性是分离激波系统大尺度振荡的结果。在激波运动区域的下游为分离区,流体继续压缩,热流脉动无间歇。     

板的非线性热弹耦合振动（Ⅰ）：近似解析解

本文以文[2,3,4]为基础,导出了板的热弹耦合非线性振动控制方程,在采用Galerkin法离散化以后,按各个变量性质分别用多尺度法或正则摄动法求得近似解析解。籍此可揭示系统各参数对非线性热弹耦合振动影响的机理和作出必要的近似计算,对工程实际具有较大的参考价值。     

Thermoelastic stresses in SiC single crystals grown by the physical vapor transport method

A finite element-based thermoelastic anisotropic stress model for hexagonal silicon carbide polytype is developed for the calculation of thermal stresses in SiC crystals grown by the physical vapor transport method. The composite structure of the growing SiC crystal and graphite lid is considered in the model. The thermal expansion match between the crucible lid and SiC crystal is studied for the first time. The influence of thermal stress on the dislocation density and crystal quality is discussed. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472126) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The English text was polished by Keren Wang     

UPWIND LOCAL DIFFERENTIAL QUADRATURE METHOD FOR SOLVING COUPLED VISCOUS FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER EQUATIONS

The differential quadrature method (DQM) has been applied successfully to solve numerically many problems in the fluid mechanics. But it is only limited to the flow problems in regular regions. At the same time, here is no upwind mechanism to deal with the convective property of the fluid flow in traditional DQ method. A local differential quadrature method owning upwind mechanism (ULDQM) was given to solve the coupled problem of incompressible viscous flow and heat transfer in an irregular region. For the problem of flow past a contraction channel whose boundary does not parallel to coordinate direction, the satisfactory numerical solutions were obtained by using ULDQM with a few grid points. The numerical results show that the ULDQM possesses advantages including well convergence, less computational workload and storage as compared with the low-order finite difference method.     

ANALYSIS ON ACOUSTICAL SCATTERING BY A CRACKED ELASTIC STRUCTURE

The acoustical scattering by a cracked elastic structure is studied. The mixed method of boundary element and fractal finite element is adopted to solve the cracked structure-acoustic coupling problem. The fractal two-level finite element method is employed for the cracked structure, which can reduce the degree of freedoms (DOFs) greatly, and the boundary element method is used for the exterior acoustic field which can automatically satisfy Sommerfeld‘s radiation condition. Numerical examples show that the resonance frequency is lower with the crack‘s depth increase, and that the effect on the acoustical field by the crack is particularly pronounced in the vicinity of the crack tip. This mixed method of boundary element and finite element is effective in solving the scattering problem by a cracked structure.     

温升对大型精密离心机结构和技术性能的影响

讨论了温升时所研制的大型精密离心机液体静压轴承工作模式、光栅测量系统、失准角的影响，并对离心机热源进行了计算。在理论分析和实验研究的基础上，给出了温升问题的解决方法，并提出了今后精密离心机的改进建议。     

热/均布载荷下双材料悬臂梁的解析解

基于弹性介质的二维本构关系和热传导理论，采用逆解法，研究了双材料悬臂梁在热／机械载荷作用下的问题，通过假设双材料悬臂梁构件的应力函数，利用应力、位移边界条件和连续性条件，给出了其位移、应力分布的表达式。     

新型带热回收装置的热泵空调系统的应用研究

传统的风冷式热回收热泵系统只有在制取生活热水这段时间内是高效运行的,而传统的水冷式热泵系统难以实现冬季的热泵循环,设计一种新型的风水冷热水空调系统,在热回收器上连接冷却塔,在夏季制冷运行中,将不需要热回收的那部分热量完全通过冷却水带走,保证系统都能在较高性能系数的状态下运行。经过实际工程运行验证,系统的最高制冷性能系数可以达到3.5,最高综合性能系数可以达到6.5,达到了节能的目的。