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91.
92.
With the rapid development of human society, clean energy forms are imperative to sustain the normal operations of various mechanical and electrical facilities under a cozy environment. Hydrogen is considered among the most promising clean energy sources for the future. Recently, electrochemical water splitting has been considered as one of the most efficient approaches to harvest hydrogen energy, which generates only non-pollutant water on combustion. However, the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction significantly restricts the efficiency of water splitting and requires a relatively high cell voltage to drive the electrolysis. Therefore, seeking a thermodynamically favorable anodic reaction to replace the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction by utilizing highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for the anodic reaction and hydrogen evolution are crucial for achieving energy-efficient hydrogen production for industrial applications. Nevertheless, it is known that the oxygen evolution reaction can be replaced with other useful and thermodynamically favorable reactions to reduce the electrolysis voltage for realizing energy-efficient hydrogen production. Therefore, in this study, we present a bifunctional nickel nanoparticle-embedded carbon (Ni@C) prism-like microrod electrocatalyst synthesized via a two-step method involving the synthesis of a precursor metal-organic framework-74 and subsequent carbonization treatment for methanol oxidation and hydrogen evolution. The interfacial structure consisting of a nickel and carbon skeleton was realized via in situ carbonization. However, the dispersed nickel nanoparticles do not easily aggregate owing to the partition by the surrounding carbon as it would sufficiently expose the active Ni sites to the electrolytes, ensuring fast charge transfer between the catalyst and electrolytes by accelerating the electrochemical kinetics. In the anodic methanol oxidation, the products were detected as carbon dioxide and formate with faradaic efficiencies of 36.2% and 62.5%, respectively, at an applied potential of 1.55 V. Meanwhile, the Ni@C microrod catalyst demonstrated high activity and durability (2.7% current decay after 12 h of continuous operation) toward methanol oxidation, which demonstrates that methanol oxidation precedes oxidation under voltage forces. Notably, the bifunctional catalyst not only exhibits excellent performance toward methanol oxidation but also yields a low overpotential of 155 mV to drive 10 mA∙cm−2 toward hydrogen evolution in 1.0 mol∙L−1 KOH aqueous solution with 0.5 mol∙L−1 methanol at room temperature, which guarantees the hydrogen production efficiency. More importantly, the constructed two-electrode electrolyzer produced a current density of 10 mA∙cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.6 V, which decreased by 240 mV after replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with methanol oxidation. 相似文献
93.
二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)及其衍生物具有优良的配位性能,在化学及生物医学领域有广泛的应用,尤其是作为磁共振成像造影剂.双功能DTPA类配体对于研发DTPA类磁共振成像造影剂具有重要的作用,制备符合不同要求的该类配体具有相当的难度.着重介绍双功能DTPA类配体的各种合成方法,并对不同的方法和路线优缺点进行比较. 相似文献
94.
目的探讨不同认知状态老年人静息态脑功能连接情况。方法收集阿尔茨海默病患者(AD组)13例、轻度认知功能障碍患者(MCI组)12例、认知正常老年人(对照组)13例,进行磁共振扫描,应用局部一致性(ReHo)方法确定种子点,并进行静息态功能连接分析。结果在静息状态下,AD组和MCI组患者的后扣带回区域、额叶内侧、前额叶背外侧和顶叶部分区域的ReHo均较高。与对照组相比,MCI患者左侧颞叶(颞下回及颞中回)、海马旁回及右侧枕叶舌回、皮层下的部分脑区ReHo显著降低;而右侧额叶(额上回、额中回及中央前回)、顶上小叶及左侧梭状回、颞上回、额下回的部分脑区ReHo显著增高。AD患者变化更加明显,额叶-顶叶,颞叶-脑岛,颞叶-枕叶之间的长距离连接降低,但是额叶内部和枕颞间、丘脑及颞叶间的功能连接增高,3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论3组不同认知状态老年人的功能连接不同,有助于AD、MCI患者及正常老年人的鉴别诊断。 相似文献
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罗万春 《数学的实践与认识》2013,43(6)
使用凝血四项指标诊断凝血功能是临床的常规检查,但根据经验进行诊断正确率不高.剔除临床上最重要的指标FIB后,建立支持向量机模型诊断的正确率和根据凝血四项指标诊断的正确率没有显著差异,100次模拟的平均正确率分别达到了95.4496%和95.5039%. 相似文献
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98.
99.
珠算以其独特的数学原理的应用,充分展现它的计算功能、教育功能和开发智力及保护脑力的功能。这是近十年来珠算科教研工作者、爱好者在信息化时代对珠算的重大发明发现,也是珠算与时俱进,即将成为社会主义文化大发展大繁荣的具有代表性的中华文化之一。 相似文献
100.
Airy beams and triple-cusp beams are two kinds of accelerating beams. The propagation characteristics and internal topological structures of accelerating Airy beams are well understood because of the developed mathematical theory about Airy function. However, limited information is available about the optical characteristics of accelerating triple-cusp beams. In this work, the relationship between Airy beams and triple-cusp beams is examined theoretically and experimentally. Results reveal some important optical characteristics of triple-cusp beams based on the optical characteristics of Airy beams. These findings are expected to provide a foundation for future applications of triple-cusp beams. 相似文献