电场对含铈铝合金的改性作用及其机制

研究了含铈铝合金在外电场作用下的性能及组织特征变化，探讨了电场作用的电子学机制。电场作用提高了合金的塑性，而合金的强度基本不变，并改变了合金的断裂特征，以及促进合金析出相的弥散，电子密度状态的改变使得合金的组织和性能发生变化。     

激光冷冻“捕捉”原子的方法

（一）游离在“光糖浆”中的原子 我们都知道，室温下，空气中的原子和分子都在作无规则运动，其运动速度大约在每小时４０００千米以上．想观察研究这样快的原子和分子，可以说是一个很难的问题．降温可以达到减速的目的，然而问题在于气体降温冷却时，通常会被液化，进而会冷凝成固体．在液体和固体的状态下，由于原子和分子的单个间隔距离缩短，研究就变得更加困难．而假如这一过程在真空中进行，就能控制气体密度的增长，防止产生冷凝和凝固现象、但是即使在零下２７０℃的低温下，原子和分子的运动时速仍高达每小时４００千米，只有当…     

重离子诱导的质粒DNA双链断裂分布研究

利用能量为7．2MeV／u氖离子束辐照体外质粒DNA:pUC18，采用恒场凝胶电泳结合多功能荧光成像系统研究了pUC18双链断裂片段的分布。证实了双链断裂片段分布的非随机性，结果还发现DNA断裂后片段的交联现象，而且交联片段的分布也是非随机的。DNA is considered to be the most important and sensitive target in biological systems. In addition to the base damage, DNA strand breaks are the major lesion in the genome due to exposure to ionizing radiation. Mutation can be introduced to DNA as a result of enzymatic processing of DNA lesions or post irradiation replication. However, the mechanisms of radiation induced mutations are not well clarified at the molecular level. To study the effect on the simple plasmid DNA of heavy ion is even predominant or more feasible. Plasmid pUC18 DNA was prepared and irradiated by neon beam (7.199 MeV/u). The fragment distributions were determined by quantifying the ethidium bromide fluorescence. It can be seen that the shape of the intensity distributions is vastly different for the used radiation Dose. The distribution produced shows an excess of fragments particularly in 3 000 and 10 000 Gy the size range between 20—40 kbp and 20—50 bp. This clustering of double stranded fragments might be influenced by the higher order chromatin structure of genomic DNA. If so, DNA loop structures could correspond to the size range for which we observed DSB clustering. Further studies aim at elucidating the heterogeneity of DSB induction within the genome and investigate the influence of chromatin structure on the non random fragment distribution.     

铈对Al-Li合金断裂方式影响的半定量研究

以2090合金和2090 Ce合金为研究对象, 对两合金不同时效时间的室温拉伸断口进行了半定量分析, 探讨了拉伸性能对断裂特征的响应关系, 并进一步分析了Ce的作用. 研究表明: 2090合金与2090 Ce合金的断裂方式均以韧窝、分层开裂和沿亚晶界开裂3种方式为主, 随时效时间的延长, 韧窝减少; 分层先增加, 后减少; 沿亚晶界开裂比例逐渐加大. 2090 Ce合金的韧窝比例较2090合金的大, 沿亚晶界开裂比例少, 分层开裂始终为主要断裂机制. 分层开裂倾向与时效程度有密切关系. Ce通过净化合金, 强化晶界, 抑制共面滑移达到增塑作用. 但其对抑制共面滑移有双重影响, 使其增塑效应随时效程度不同而异. 欠时效和过时效状态增塑作用较弱, 峰值时效状态作用明显.     

Effect of Electric Field on Conductivity and Vickers Hardness of an Al－Li Alloy

Static electric fields were applied on an aluminium-lithium alloy during solution treatment. The conductivity and Vickers hardness of the quenched A1-Li alloy is changed with the effect of electric field. The Vickers hardness increases with the applied electric field for a certain solutionizing time but decreases with the time under an electric field. In the absence of the electric field, the Vickers hardness and the conductivity increase synchronously, while reversed after electric field treatment. Positive and negative electric fields had the similar effect. The change of the local electron density in alloy caused by electric field is presented to explain the effect.     

Zr-Cu-Ni-Al-Nb大块非晶合金的晶化行为、力学性能及电化学腐蚀行为的研究

利用水冷铜模铸造法成功制备了Zr_65-xCu_17.5Al_7.5Ni ₁₀Nb_x (x=0，2，5)大块非晶合金. X射线衍射、热分析研究结果表 明，Nb的添加显著改变了非晶合金的晶化行为，促进了二十面体准晶相的形成. 各合金的准 静态压缩实验表明，Nb的适量添加有利于提高大块非晶合金的强度和塑性. 其中x=5的大块 非晶合金的抗压强度σ_b和塑性应变量ε_p 关键词： Zr基大块非晶合金 晶化行为 力学性能 耐腐蚀性能     

辐射介导自杀基因和p53及其靶基因靶向治疗

由于临床治疗剂量对正常组织造成严重损伤，使得放疗存在一些不足。刚刚兴起的肿瘤基因治疗同样存在一些弊端，如对肿瘤组织缺乏特异性，治疗基因表达水平有限，有潜在的生物危险性等。在一定程度上，辐射靶向诱导自杀基因和p53基因及p53靶基因靶向基因治疗可弥补以上两种疗法的不足。该治疗方法不仅可以弥补单独放疗或单独基因治疗的不足，而且可在降低各自治疗剂量的基础上提高疗效。目前已有几种符合要求的表达载体进入临床试验。着重介绍了离子辐射介导自杀基因或p53基因及p53靶基因的辐射靶向基因治疗的研究进展。Radiotherapy has some disadvantages due to the severe side-effect on the normal tissues at a curative dose of ionizing radiation （IR）. Similarly, as a new developing approach, gene therapy also has some disadvantages, such as lack of specificity for tumors, limited expression of therapeutic gene, potential biological risk. To certain extent, above problems would be solved by the suicide genes or p53 gene and its target genes the rapies targeted by ionizing radiation. This strategy not only makes up the disadvantages from radiotherapy or gene therapy alone, but also promotes success rate on the base of lower dose. By present, there have been several vectors measuring up to be reaching clinical trials. This review focused on the development of the cancer gene therapy through suicide genes or p53 and its target genes mediated by IR.     

激光空频矢量法测角

空频矢量是有一定方向的矢量,利用其水平分量的变化可以确定空频方向的改变量,从而实现对角度的测量。一、原理与装置空间频率表示特定波形在单位距离内重复的次数,其单位是线对/厘米,此频率为一矢量,见图1。设k方向的空间频率为     

基于线性预测倒谱的被动声纳目标特征提取技术

从声纳员的角度出发，被动声纳目标可以被看作为一个发声体，利用线性预测倒谱从声纳目标噪声中分离出目标作为发声体的冲激响应在倒谱域中的表示，提取一组识别特征，设计神经网络分类器，对三类目标进行分类。实测数据验证了基于线性预测倒谱的被动声纳目标特征提取方法是可行的。     

Quantum Theory of Electronic Double-Slit Diffraction

Phenomena of electron, neutron, atomic and molecular diffraction have been studied in many experiments, and these experiments have been explained by some theoretical works. We study electronic double-slit diffraction with a quantum mechanical approach and obtain the following results： （1） When the ratio of d ＋ a /a=n （n = 1,2, 3,...）, orders n, 2n, 3n,... are missing in diffraction pattern. （2） When the ratio of d＋a/a≠ n （n =1,2, 3,...）, there is a not missing order in diffraction pattern. （3） The slit thickness c has a large affect on the electronic diffraction pattern, which is a new quantum effect. We believe that all the predictions in our work can be tested by the electronic double slit diffraction experiment.