Synthesis of Telechelic Polystyrene by Radical Polymerization Using 1,4-Bis(p-tert-Butylphenylseleno-Methyl)benzene as a Photoiniferter

Abstract

1,4-Bis(p-tert-butylphenylselenomethyl) benzene was synthesized, and used as a bifunctional photoiniferter for the polymerization of styrene. Both the polymer yields and the number average of molecular weights (_n) of polymers increased with the polymerization. The polymerization of styrene by this iniferter permitted telechelic polystyrene containing arylseleno groups at both chain ends, and the degree of functionality was 1.9. The seleno groups of both chain ends of polystyrene were reduced quantitatively by tri-n-butyltin hydride. These seleno groups in polystyrene were also eliminated by treatment with hydrogen peroxide to give telechelic polystyrene with carbon-carbon double bond at both chain ends. Further, polystyrene with double bonds was converted to telechelic polystyrene carrying terminal functional groups as epoxy, hydroxy, and iodide group, respectively.

     

The synthesis and crystal structure of a new diprotonated Schiff base cryptand

Abstract

The synthesis and crystal structure of the diprotonated cryptand derived from the reaction of tren and 2,6-diacetyl pyridine is reported. The imino nitrogens of the Schiff base linkages are directed so that the dicarbimine functions are in trans, trans geometry relative to the pyridine C-N bond. This configuration has not previously been reported in related pyridine-derived Schiff base macrocycles.     

反应修饰剂ZnSO4和预处理对苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Zn催化剂性能的影响

共沉淀法制备了Ru-Zn催化剂,考察了反应修饰剂ZnSO₄和预处理对苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Zn催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,反应修饰剂ZnSO₄可以与Ru-Zn催化剂中助剂ZnO反应生成（Zn（OH）₂）₃（ZnSO₄）（H₂O）盐。随反应修饰剂ZnSO₄浓度增加,（Zn（OH）₂）₃（ZnSO₄）（H₂O）盐量的逐渐增加,Ru-Zn催化剂活性逐渐降低,环己烯选择性逐渐升高。因为（Zn（OH）₂）₃（ZnSO₄）（H₂O）盐中的Zn²⁺可以使Ru变为有利环己烯生成的缺电子的Ru^δ+物种,而且还可以占据不适宜环己烯生成的强Ru活性位。但当反应修饰剂ZnSO₄浓度高于0.41 mol·L^-1后,继续增加ZnSO₄浓度,由于Zn²⁺水解浆液酸性太强,可以溶解部分（Zn（OH）₂）₃（ZnSO₄）（H₂O）盐,Ru-Zn催化剂活性升高,环己烯选择性降低。但环己烯选择性却略微降低,这是由于ZnSO₄溶液中大量的Zn²⁺可以与生成的环己烯形成配合物,稳定生成的环己烯,抑制生成的环己烯再吸附到催化剂表面并加氢生成环己烷。在ZnSO₄最佳浓度0.61 mol·L^-1下对Ru-Zn催化剂预处理15 h,Ru-Zn催化剂中助剂ZnO可以与ZnSO₄完全反应生成（Zn（OH）₂）₃（ZnSO₄）（H₂O）盐,在该催化剂上25 min苯转化68.2%时环己烯选择性和收率分别为80.2%和54.7%。而且该催化剂具有良好的稳定性和重复使用性能。     

Zn4Si2O7(OH)2H2O盐修饰的纳米Ru催化剂催化苯选择加氢制环己烯

利用沉淀法制备了纳米Ru催化剂,在ZnSO₄存在下考察了Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O和二乙醇胺作反应修饰剂对Ru催化剂催化苯选择加氢制环己烯性能的影响,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线荧光光谱(XRF)和透射电镜-能量散射谱(TEM-EDS)等物理化学手段对加氢前后Ru催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,在水溶液中Na₂SiO₃与ZnSO₄可以反应生成Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂H₂O盐、H₂SO₄和Na₂SO₄,化学吸附在Ru催化剂表面上的Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂H₂O盐起着提高Ru催化剂环己烯选择性的关键作用。Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O量的增加,生成的Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂H₂O盐逐渐增加,Ru催化剂的活性降低,环己烯选择性逐渐升高。向反应体系中加入二乙醇胺,它可以中和Na₂SiO₃与ZnSO₄反应生成的硫酸,使化学平衡向生成更多的Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂H₂O盐的方向移动,导致Ru催化剂环己烯选择性增加。当Ru催化剂与ZnSO₄·7H₂O、Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O和二乙醇胺、分散剂ZrO₂的质量比为1.0:24.6:0.4:0.2:5.0时,2 g Ru催化剂上苯转化73%时环己烯选择性和收率分别为75%和55%,而且该催化剂体系具有良好的重复使用性和稳定性。     

刚性1,4-二(4-甲基咪唑)苯配体构筑的两个d10配位聚合物的合成、结构及荧光性质

利用过渡金属镉（锌）盐与1,4-二（4-甲基咪唑）苯、间苯二甲酸分别采用分层和水热法合成了化合物{[Cd（BMIB）（H₂O）₂]（NO₃）₂}_n（1）和{[Zn₂（BMIB）_1.5（OH）（IP）_1.5]·H₂O}_n（2）（BMIB=1,4-二（4-甲基咪唑）苯,IP^2-=间苯二甲酸根）,并对其进行了元素分析、IR及X射线衍射法表征。晶体结构研究表明：配合物1属于三斜晶系,P1空间群。晶胞参数：a=0.382 08（3）nm,b=0.904 72（7）nm,c=1.378 29（10）nm,α=98.581（4）°,β=97.020（3）°,γ=94.398（3）°。配合物2属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群。晶胞参数：a=3.764 07（9）nm,b=1.017 18（5）nm,c=2.015 31（11）nm,β=120.860（2）°。配合物1是由配体BMIB连接镉离子形成一维链状结构,由氢键连接成二维层结构。而配合物2是由配体IP2-连接锌离子形成一维梯状结构,该一维梯通过羟基和BMIB连接成三维网络结构。此外,配合物1和2具有较好的荧光性能。     

DFT方法研究酸性沸石上苯与乙烯烷基化反应的机理

采用B3LYP/6-31G*水平计算来研究酸性沸石上苯与乙烯的烷基化反应历程,从生成能和反应活化能角度分析并讨论了苯与乙烯的反应机理.选取4T簇模型模拟分子筛的酸性位,使用密度泛函理论对烷基化反应三种不同的反应机理(两个联合反应机理和一个分步反应机理)进行计算分析.结果表明,在联合反应机理中,乙烯的质子化和苯与乙烯间C-C键的形成同时发生;分步反应机理中,首先形成一个稳定的乙醇盐中间物种,然后与苯分子反应形成乙苯.联合机理速控步骤的活化能约为160kJ/mol,分步机理速控步骤的活化能为190.24kJ/mol,因此,酸性沸石上苯与乙烯烷基化反应机理主要以联合机理为主,但分步机理与其有一定程度的竞争。     

The Reaction of 1-Nitro-4-(4-nitrophenylsulfonylmethyl)benzene with α,β-Unsaturated Esters

Under solid-liquid PTC conditions, treatment of 1-nitro-4-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl-methyl)benzene(1) with α,β -unsaturated esters (2a-h) at 35–75°C gave tandem addition-rearrangement products(3a-h). While at higher temperature(75°C), addition-rearrangement-addition products (4a-b) were obtained when acrylates were used. Finally a possible mechanism is proposed.     

Intermolecular interactions of formic acid with benzene: Energy decomposition analyses with ab initio MP2 and double‐hybrid density functional computations

The intermolecular interactions of formic acid (HCOOH) with benzene (C₆H₆) have been investigated using localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analyses (LMO‐EDA) with ab initio MP2 and several double‐hybrid density functionals. The molecular geometries of five HCOOH…C₆H₆ complexes and corresponding benchmark total interaction energies at the CCSD(T)/CBS level are taken from literature (Zhao et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2009, 5, 2726). According to the results of LMO‐EDA with the MP2 method, the dispersion energies are found to be as important as the electrostatic energies for the total interaction energies of the five HCOOH…C₆H₆ complexes. Based on LMO‐EDA with the double‐hybrid density functionals of B2PLYP, B2K‐PLYP, B2T‐PLYP, and B2GP‐PLYP computations, two new parameters for the framework of B2PLYP are extrapolated. These two new parameters are tested with other 10 complexes involving C₆H₆ (Crittenden, J. Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 1663), and they perform well on predicting the corresponding total interaction energies. Interestingly, these two new parameters for the framework of B2PLYP also perform well on the noncovalent complexation energies database (NCCE31/05) developed by Truhlar's group (Zhao and Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 5656). Therefore, these two new parameters appear to be suitable for investigating the noncovalent interactions, and they are denoted as B2N‐PLYP, where N stands for the noncovalent interaction. This study is expected to provide new insight into the derivation of double‐hybrid density functionals for studying the noncovalent interactions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Hypervalent Iodine in the Synthesis of Bridgehead Heterocycles: A Facile Route to the Synthesis of 6‐Arylimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles Using [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene

α‐Tosyloxyketones (2), readily accessible through hypervalent iodine oxidation of enolizable ketones (1) using [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene (HTIB) in acetonitrile, exclusively generates the 6‐arylimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles (4) on treatment with commercially available 2‐aminothiazole (3).