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91.
In this paper, we investigated the effect of background base pressure, wafer-transferring time between process modules, and stack layer material selection on the current-in-plane giant magneto-resistive (CIP-GMR) interface properties and the resulted CIP-GMR performance. Experimental results showed that seed layer/AFM interface, AFM/pinned layer (PL) interface, pinned layer/Ru interface, and reference layer (RL)/Cu spacer interface are among the most critical ones for a CIP-GMR device. By reducing the background impurity level (water moisture and oxygen), optimizing the wafer process flow sequence, and careful stack-layer material selection, such critical interfaces in a CIP-GMR device can be preserved. Consequently, a much robust GMR performance control can be achieved.  相似文献   
92.
Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, the characterization of which is commonly achieved through proteomic protocol, involving trypsin digestion followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). However, it is often not possible to characterize all glycopeptides in a complex sample because of the high complexity of glycoproteomic samples, and the relative lower abundances of glycopeptides in comparison to the unmodified peptides. We present here a targeted MS/MS analysis approach, which utilizes a previously developed computational tool, GlyPID, to guide multiple experiments, thus permitting a complete characterization of all N‐glycosylation sites of glycoproteins present in a complex sample. We have tested our approach using model glycoproteins analyzed by high‐resolution LTQ‐FT MS. The results demonstrate a potential use of our method for a high‐throughput characterization of complex mixtures of glycosylated proteins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
93.
Micron and submicron platinum electrodes with hydrophobically‐modified shrouds have been prepared. The steady state response to a number of electrochemical species have been evaluated with respect to the shroud coating. For submicron electrodes deviations in response were observed based on the shroud modification. These effects were not observed in larger electrodes, and may be due to the so‐called “edge effect” for small diameter electrodes.  相似文献   
94.
We discuss a notion of the energy of a compactly supported measure in \mathbbCn \mathbb{C}^n for n > 1 which we show is equivalent to that defined by Berman, Boucksom, Guedj and Zeriahi. This generalizes the classical notion of logarithmic energy of a measure in the complex plane \mathbbC \mathbb{C} ; i.e., the case n = 1.  相似文献   
95.
Au/Pd octopods, nanostructures with eight branches and a primarily Au interior, have been synthesized as size-controlled samples through the manipulation of seed-mediated co-reduction. The position of their localized surface plasmon resonance can be controllably tuned throughout the visible and near-infrared regions, and this response is correlated with the structural features (branch length and tip width) of the octopods. These Au/Pd octopods were also found to be highly sensitive to changes in the local refractive index of the surrounding media and suitable substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. These findings, coupled with their unique composition, highlight the multifunctional capabilities of the Au/Pd octopods and provide insight into the optical properties of architecturally controlled bimetallic nanostructures.  相似文献   
96.
We discuss Hardy?s paradox and weak measurements by using multitasking diagrams, which are introduced to illustrate the progress of quantum probabilities through the double interferometer system. We explain how Hardy?s paradox is avoided and elaborate on the outcome of weak measurements in this context.  相似文献   
97.
A three-parameter model of neutrino oscillations based on a simple Lorentz- and CPT-violating texture is presented. The model is consistent with established data and naturally generates low-energy and neutrino–antineutrino anomalies of the MiniBooNE type. A one-parameter extension incorporates the MINOS anomaly, while a simple texture enhancement accommodates the LSND signal.  相似文献   
98.
99.
Assigning glycosylation sites of glycoproteins and their microheterogeneity is still a very challenging analytical task despite the rapid advancements in mass spectrometry. It is shown here that glycopeptide ions can be fragmented efficiently using the higher‐energy C‐trap dissociation (HCD) feature of a linear ion trap orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap). An attractive aspect of this dissociation option is the generation of distinct Y1 ions (peptide+GlcNAc), thus allowing unequivocal assignment of N‐glycosylation sites of glycoproteins. The combination of the very informative collision‐induced dissociation spectra acquired in the linear ion trap with the distinct features of HCD offers very useful information aiding in the characterization of the glycosylation sites of glycoproteins. The HCD activation energy needed to obtain optimum Y1 ions was studied in terms of glycan structure and charge state, and size and structure of the peptide backbone. The latter appeared to be primarily dictating the needed HCD energy. The distinct Y1 ion formation in HCD facilitated an easy assignment of such an ion and its subsequent isolation and dissociation through multiple‐stage tandem mass spectrometry. The resulting MS3 spectrum of the Y1 ion facilitates database searching and de novo sequencing thus prompting the subsequent identification of the peptide backbone and associated glycosylation sites. Moreover, fragment ions formed by HCD are detected in the Orbitrap, thus overcoming the 1/3 cut‐off limitation that is commonly associated with ion trap mass spectrometers. As a result, in addition to the Y1 ion, the common glycan oxonium ions are also detected. The high mass accuracy offered by the LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer is also an attractive feature that allows a confident assignment of protein glycosylation sites and the microheterogeneity of such sites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
100.
We measured the excitation function for 13O + p elastic scattering to obtain data on the unknown 14F nucleus. The ground state and several low-lying excited states in 14F were observed and spin/parity assignments were made. 14F appears to be much less unstable than was predicted. We compare theoretical predictions for the 14F level scheme with the experimental results.  相似文献   
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