Controllable Si−C Bond Activation Enables Stereocontrol in the Palladium-Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Cyclopropenes with Benzosilacyclobutanes

A novel and unusual palladium-catalyzed [4+2] annulation of cyclopropenes with benzosilacyclobutanes is reported. This reaction occurred through chemoselective Si−C(sp²) bond activation in synergy with ring expansion/insertion of cyclopropenes to form new C(sp²)−C(sp³) and Si−C(sp³) bonds. An array of previously elusive bicyclic skeleton with high strain, silabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes, were formed in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivity under mild conditions. An asymmetric version of the reaction with a chiral phosphoramidite ligand furnished a variety of chiral bicyclic silaheterocycle derivatives with good enantioselectivity (up to 95.5:4.5 er). Owing to the mild reaction conditions, the good stereoselectivity profile, and the ready availability of the functionalized precursors, this process constitutes a useful and straightforward strategy for the synthesis of densely functionalized silacycles.     

推荐重要节点部署防御策略的优化模型

当前网络安全防御策略集中部署于高连接度节点主要有2个方面的不足: 一是高连接度节点在很多场合中并不是网络通信的骨干节点; 二是该类节点对信息的转发和传播并非总是最有效的.针对以上传统部署策略的不足, 改进了恶意病毒程序传播的离散扩散模型并采用中间路径跳数来衡量网络节点的重要程度, 提出了基于介数中心控制力和接近中心控制力模型的重要节点优先推荐部署技术.实验结果显示具有高介数中心控制力和低接近中心控制力的节点相对于传统的高连接度节点无论在无标度网络还是小世界网络均能够对恶意病毒程序的疫情扩散和早期传播速度起到更加有效的抑制作用, 同时验证了网络分簇聚类行为产生的簇团特性也将对恶意程序的传播起到一定的负面影响.     

超疏水多孔硅的制备及表面稳定性

在加热条件下采用氢化硅烷化反应对多孔硅表面进行改性, 通过扫描电子显微镜、 红外光谱及元素分析等手段表征了多孔硅改性前后的结构和组成, 研究了不同反应时间对其性能的影响. 结果表明, 反应3 h后制得了超疏水表面的多孔硅, 其在碱性及空气环境中具有良好的稳定性.     

Template-Free Self-Assembly of Two-Dimensional Polymers into Nano/Microstructured Materials

In the past few decades, enormous efforts have been made to synthesize covalent polymer nano/microstructured materials with specific morphologies, due to the relationship between their structures and functions. Up to now, the formation of most of these structures often requires either templates or preorganization in order to construct a specific structure before, and then the subsequent removal of previous templates to form a desired structure, on account of the lack of “self-error-correcting” properties of reversible interactions in polymers. The above processes are time-consuming and tedious. A template-free, self-assembled strategy as a “bottom-up” route to fabricate well-defined nano/microstructures remains a challenge. Herein, we introduce the recent progress in template-free, self-assembled nano/microstructures formed by covalent two-dimensional (2D) polymers, such as polymer capsules, polymer films, polymer tubes and polymer rings.     

Spatio-temporal chaos in a chemotaxis model

In this paper we explore the dynamics of a one-dimensional Keller–Segel type model for chemotaxis incorporating a logistic cell growth term. We demonstrate the capacity of the model to self-organise into multiple cellular aggregations which, according to position in parameter space, either form a stationary pattern or undergo a sustained spatio-temporal sequence of merging (two aggregations coalesce) and emerging (a new aggregation appears). This spatio-temporal patterning can be further subdivided into either a time-periodic or time-irregular fashion. Numerical explorations into the latter indicate a positive Lyapunov exponent (sensitive dependence to initial conditions) together with a rich bifurcation structure. In particular, we find stationary patterns that bifurcate onto a path of periodic patterns which, prior to the onset of spatio-temporal irregularity, undergo a “periodic-doubling” sequence. Based on these results and comparisons with other systems, we argue that the spatio-temporal irregularity observed here describes a form of spatio-temporal chaos. We discuss briefly our results in the context of previous applications of chemotaxis models, including tumour invasion, embryonic development and ecology.     

Probabilistic quantum teleportation of shared quantum secret

Very recently, Lee et al. proposed a secure quantum teleportation protocol to transfer shared quantum secret between multiple parties in a network[Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 060501 (2020)]. This quantum network is encoded with a maximally entangled GHZ state. In this paper, we consider a partially entangled GHZ state as the entanglement channel, where it can achieve, probabilistically, unity fidelity transfer of the state. Two kinds of strategies are given. One arises when an auxiliary particle is introduced and a general evolution at any receiver's location is then adopted. The other one involves performing a single generalized Bell-state measurement at the location of any sender. This could allow the receivers to recover the transmitted state with a certain probability, in which only the local Pauli operators are performed, instead of introducing an auxiliary particle. In addition, the successful probability is provided, which is determined by the degree of entanglement of the partially multipartite entangled state. Moreover, the proposed protocol is robust against the bit and phase flip noise.     

Stability Analysis of a Diffusive Predator-prey Model with Hunting Cooperation

In this paper, we are concerned with the dynamics of a diffusive predator-prey model that incorporates the functional response concerning hunting cooperation. First, we investigate the stability of the semi-trivial steady state. Then, we investigate the influence of the diffusive rates on the stability of the positive constant steady state. It is shown that there exists diffusion-driven Turing instability when the diffusive rate of the predator is smaller than the critical value, which is dependent on the diffusive rate of the prey, and the semi-trivial steady state and the positive constant steady state are both locally asymptotically stable when the diffusive rate of the predator is larger than the critical value. Finally, the nonexistence of nonconstant steady states is discussed.     

铁皮石斛品质影响因素快速无损检测及光谱特性分析

随着人民生活水平的提高,中草药的保健功能越来越得到大家的重视,铁皮石斛是我国名贵中药材,素有“救命仙草”之称。尝试用叶绿素、糖度和pH值作为铁皮石斛的品质指标,选择安徽霍山、浙江雁荡山和云南3个不同产地的铁皮石斛作为研究对象,提取不同铁皮石斛的光谱数据和理化参数,然后进行各品质指标的反演,最终建立品质指标与光谱之间的相关模型,并对模型的有效性进行分析。实验中的研究对象是铁皮石斛的茎,用ASD光谱仪得到三种铁皮石斛茎的光谱数据,再把同一批样本研磨碎,放入离心管中加入甲醇溶液密封,并用锡箔纸包装处理制成相应的溶液,采用分光光度计、糖度计和pH计测量叶绿素含量、糖度和pH值,每个样本分别选取离心试管中的上层,中层,下层溶液检测糖度,测量3次并取平均值,以此结果作为对照组。原始光谱数据通过小波变换去除噪声和降维,将得到的能量系数（包括波段与尺度）,与铁皮石斛对照组的理化参数进行相关性分析,选取决定系数中较高的能量系数作为小波特征,用最小化二乘法对小波特征拟合。用全部实验样本作为测试集,随机选取70%作为验证集,对于浙江雁荡山、安徽霍山和云南三种不同品种铁皮石斛：叶绿素含量反演模型的决定系数（R2）分别为0.819,0.820和0.865,均方根误差（RMSE）分别为为0.035,0.013和0.017;糖度反演模型的决定系数（R2）分别为0.756,0.764和0.823,均方根误差（RMSE）分别为0.025,0.030和0.0368;pH值的反演模型决定系数（R2）分别为0.819,0.820和0.865,均方根误差（RMSE）分别为0.0345,0.013和0.017。从中可以发现,三种不同铁皮石斛的品质反演模型和决定系数（R2）均大于0.80,均方根误差（RMSE）小于0.10。实验证明了铁皮石斛中叶绿素、糖度和pH值的光谱特性对其进行品质评估的可行性。     

On-Demand Electrochemical Epoxidation in Nano-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Locate Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds

Reported here is the first on-demand electrochemical epoxidation incorporated into the standard nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) workflow for double-bond identification. The capability lies in a novel tunable electro-epoxidation of double bonds, where onset of the reaction can be controlled by simply tuning the spray voltage. On-demand formation of mono-/multiple epoxides is achieved at different voltages. The electro-epoxidized products are then fragmented by tandem MS to generate diagnostic ions, indicating the double bond position(s). The process is completed within seconds, holding great potential for high-throughput analysis. The rapid switch-on/off electro-epoxidation of a single sample, the low sample consumption, the demonstrated applicability to complex lipids containing multiple double bonds, and the advantage of not requiring extra apparatus make this method attractive for use in lipid-related biological studies.     

Red AIE conjugated polyelectrolytes for long-term tracing and image-guided photodynamic therapy of tumors

Science China Chemistry - Robust photosensitizers with strong red/NIR fluorescence, efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and high photostability are highly desired for photodynamic...