Efficient synthesis and properties of novel near-infrared electrochromic anthraquinone imides

An efficient synthesis of novel near-infrared electrochromic 6-substituted (NO2, Br) anthraquinone imides, i.e., 2a and 2b, was established. Bearing functional groups suitable for further structural modifications by nucleophilic substitution reaction and various metal-catalyzed coupling reactions (e.g., Suzuki coupling), 2a and 2b were easily transferred to 1a by reaction with 4-methoxyphenol and 1b by reaction with 4-hexyloxyphenylboronic acid, respectively. These new imides are electrochromic and absorb intensely in the near-infrared range of 700-1600 nm upon electrochemical reduction.     

Long-range ordering of composites for organic electronics: TIPS-pentacene single crystals with incorporated nano-fibers

Fluorescent nanofibers are incorporated into high-mobility single-crystals without substantially disrupting crystalline lattice, demonstrating a strategy to multifunctionalize semiconducting single-crystals.     

二极管激光器垂直阵列光束精密准直

 为实现二极管激光器垂直阵列输出光束具有小发散角、高指向精度的特点,简述了快轴准直（FAC）微透镜的光束准直原理,分析了调节装置的精度要求及透镜选择等问题。通过光学成像方法实时监测二极管激光bar条的近场像和远场像,对FAC透镜分别进行粗调节和细调节,获得了20个bar条连续输出2 kW,垂直阵列二极管激光快轴准直光束远场发散角4.4 mrad,bar条间准直光束指向精度不大于±1.7 mrad的准直效果,并对监测精度进行了简要分析。对影响光束准直效果的因素进行了分析,指出了工艺优化的重点。     

Enzyme-catalyzed silver deposition on irregular-shaped gold nanoparticles for electrochemical immunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein

A new and disposable electrochemical immunosensor was designed for detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), as a model analyte, with sensitivity enhancement based on enzyme-catalyzed silver deposition onto irregular-shaped gold nanoparticles (ISGNPs). The assay was carried out with a sandwich-type immunoassay protocol by using ISGNP-labeled anti-AFP antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP–Ab₂) as detection antibodies. The enzymatically catalytic deposition of silver on the electrode could be measured by stripping analysis in KCl solution due to the Ag/AgCl solid-state voltammetric process. Several labeling protocols including spherical gold nanoparticle-labeled ALP–Ab₂ and ISGNP-labeled ALP–Ab₂ were investigated for determination of AFP, and improved analytical properties were achieved with the ISGNP labeling. With the ISGNP labeling method, the effects of incubation time and incubation temperature for antigen-antibody reaction, and deposition time of silver on the current responses of the electrochemical immunosensors were also monitored. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor exhibited a wide dynamic range from 0.01 ng mL⁻¹ to 200 ng mL⁻¹ with a detection limit of 5.0 pg mL⁻¹ AFP. The immunosensor displayed a good stability and acceptable reproducibility and accuracy. No significant differences at the 95% confidence level were encountered in the analysis of 10 clinical serum samples between the developed immunoassay and the commercially available electrochemiluminescent method for determination of AFP.     

掺杂元素Fe对LiAlH4放氢性能影响的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理赝势平面波方法研究掺杂元素Fe对LiAlH4放氢性能的影响及其作用机理.计算杂质形成能、电子态密度、氢原子分解能,分析原子间的成键情况和结构的稳定性.结果表明:Fe在LiAlH4中占据间隙位置或者替代Al或者Li时,都能改善LiAlH4的放氢性能.Fe在LiAlH4中倾向于占据间隙位置,电子结构分析显示Fe占据间隙位置时与近邻的Al原子产生强烈的相互作用;另一方面,Fe与近邻的H也有较强相互作用.两个因素共同的结果是破坏了[AlH4]基团的稳定性,从而改善LiAlH4的放氢性能.结果与实验相吻合.     

Au80Sn20合金焊料制备工艺

针对高功率二极管激光器的封装要求,通过磁控溅射的方法制备了Au80Sn20合金焊料,使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察其微结构和表面形貌;利用能谱仪（EDX）和X射线荧光测试仪分析其成分;采用差热分析法（DTA）测试其熔化温度,并用制备的Au80Sn20合金焊料进行了可焊性实验。结果表明:磁控溅射法可以制备Au80Sn20合金焊料,其制备的Au80Sn20合金焊料表面无明显缺陷,结构致密;成分与理论值接近;熔点与理论熔点接近;焊接浸润性好,空洞率小,强度大。     

原子尺度研究固体氧化物池氧电极中氧迁移规律

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）和固体氧化物燃料电解池（SOEC）作为新一代的能源转化装置,凭借其清洁、高效的能源转化优势,非常具有技术吸引力。为了将SOFC和SOEC商业化,操作更加持久、高效和经济,中低温的运行温度成为当前国际上研究的主要方向,其中提高氧电极材料的氧还原反应/氧析出反应（ORR/OER）活性是研究的关键。本文主要阐述了原子尺度分子模拟分析和原位实验测试表征对混合离子电子导体氧电极材料中氧迁移规律和传输机理研究的重要作用,推进传统材料向新型氧电极材料和结构的发展;归纳和综述了近期热点的混合离子电子导体（MIEC）氧电极材料、相应的离子传输路径、各向异性结构及晶格动力学;介绍了当前采用的先进研究手段和方法,并重点介绍了原位X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和俄歇电子光谱（AES）探测材料的表面化学组成和结构,原位的方式可以将致密薄膜中几纳米到十几纳米的结构可视化,在原子层面上研究氧电极材料中带电缺陷的形成和迁移;并基于原子尺度的密度泛函理论（DFT）计算和近期分子动力学模拟（MD）的研究进展对传统材料和新型材料中的氧迁移机理进行解释和分析。最后,简要综述了清华大学核研院在固体氧化物池氧电极方面的研究进展。     

有机分子聚集体中振动分辨光谱的激子耦合效应

光谱是探究分子间相互作用及发光机理的有效手段.本工作采用Frenkel激子模型和量子力学/分子力学（QM/MM）方法系统研究了一系列聚集诱导发光（AIE）体系和传统荧光（非AIE）体系晶态下的吸收、发射光谱.结果表明,分子内电声子耦合（λ）与分子间激子耦合（J）竞争决定了晶态聚集体的光谱特性.在室温下,当J/λ值大于约0.17时,有机分子聚集体光谱的激子耦合效应将表现明显.例如,对于面对面排列的H聚集体,只有考虑激子耦合效应的理论计算光谱才与其实验光谱吻合很好,即相较于单分子光谱的吸收蓝移、发射减弱并红移.对于AIE体系,因为其J/λ值均小于0.17,AIE聚集体光谱特征主要是由分子内电声子耦合所主导,激子耦合可以忽略不计.     

Limit and shakedown analysis under hydrogen embrittlement condition

A modified shakedown theorem and its solving technique are presented to involve hydrogen embrittlement of steel into limit and shakedown analysis. Firstly, the shakedown theorem for hydrogen embrittled material is derived from a limited kinematic hardening shakedown theorem and hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement. In the presented theorem, hydrogen’s effect is taken into account by the synergistic action of both strength reduction and stress redistribution. Secondly, a novel solving technique is developed based on the basis reduction method, in which the complicated constraints in the resulting nonlinear mathematical programming are released. At last, three numerical examples are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed method and to reveal hydrogen’s effect on the limit and shakedown load of structure. The numerical results are discussed and compared with those from literatures, which proves the accuracy and high efficiency of the introduced solving technique. It is concluded that the proposed theorem can predict the limit and shakedown load of hydrogen embrittled structure reasonably.     

基于吡咯并吡咯二酮和苯并噻二唑聚合物的合成及其近红外电致变色性能

给-受体型窄带隙聚合物是一类新型可见-近红外电致变色材料,虽然可调性强、颜色丰富,但是其电致变色性能如对比度、稳定性等需要进一步提高。 通过调节聚合物中构筑单元吡咯并吡咯二酮(DPP)、苯并噻二唑(BTZ)和噻吩(T)的比例(n(DPP):n(BTZ):n(T)分别为1:0:1、1.5:0.5:1、2:1:1和3:2:1),合成了4种新型窄带隙电致变色聚合物,研究聚合物结构和电致变色性能的关系。 研究发现,这类聚合物在近红外光谱区具有较高的对比度(ΔT:50%60%)和变色效率(CE:300600 cm²/C),尤其是在1550 nm处,聚合物P3的ΔT高达63%、P4的CE高达471 cm²/C。 相比之下,含有BTZ基团的聚合物的吸收更长、对比度更高且更稳定。 这为设计给-受体型高性能电致变色聚合物提供了新的思路。