Two alternating direction implicit spectral methods for two-dimensional distributed-order differential equation

Numerical Algorithms - In this paper, two alternating direction implicit Galerkin-Legendre spectral methods for distributed-order differential equation in two-dimensional space are developed. It is...     

APD探测器模块性能及噪声检测

为了实现可见光通信系统的探测器模块微小型化，设计并制作了一款50 cm3的温控APD探测器模块，并对模块的稳定性、温控效果和噪声特性进行了检测。结果表明，APD探测器模块的光电流测量平均相对偏差为0.795%；APD探测器的雪崩增益和响应度随着温度的降低而提高；APD探测器电阻的变化影响负载电阻分压，使得过剩噪声因子的测量值远大于真实值，且会随着入射光功率的增大而增大。可以得出结论:提高反向偏置电压与降低温控温度相配合，更有利于弱光信号检测；检测电路中的负载电阻影响APD探测器噪声特性。     

Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Derived Carbon-Mediated Interfacial Reaction for the Synthesis of CeO2−MnO2 Catalysts

CeO₂-based catalysts are widely studied in catalysis fields. Developing one novel synthetic approach to increase the intimate contact between CeO₂ and secondary species is of particular importance for enhancing catalytic activities. Herein, an interfacial reaction between metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon and KMnO₄ to synthesize CeO₂−MnO₂, in which carbon is derived from the pyrolysis of Ce-MOFs under an inert atmosphere, is described. The MOF-derived carbon is found to restrain the growth of CeO₂ crystallites under a high calcination temperature and, more importantly, intimate contact within CeO₂/C is conveyed to CeO₂/MnO₂ after the interfacial reaction; this is responsible for the high catalytic activity of CeO₂−MnO₂ towards CO oxidation.     

Impact of neutral and acidic species on cycloalkenes nucleation

Non-covalent hydrogen bond interactions between the π cloud of cycloalkenes and three atmospheric common nucleation precursors (H₂S, H₂O, and MeOH) have been investigated using DFT and CCSD(T). The structures and the energies of the 1:1 and 1:2 adducts were computed with the B3LYP-D3 method. The analysis of the investigated electronic properties and geometric parameters shows that cyclohexene is a stronger hydrogen bond acceptor than cyclopentene, then followed by 1,4-cyclohexadiene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene. Comparable red shifts of the OH-/SH-stretching vibrational frequencies were noticed for the studied clusters. Increasing the ring size enhances the hydrogen bond interaction, and increasing the π delocalization decreases the hydrogen bond interactions. This is further confirmed by Bader’s quantum theory of atoms in molecules. The nonadditivity effects were observed in the trimolecular complexes. All the complexes were analyzed by energy decomposition analysis to divide the interaction energy into individual components. Furthermore, the dipole moments and atmospheric implications were also investigated.

     

近红外光谱结合化学计量学的常见中国蜂蜜掺杂糖浆鉴别

目前我国蜂蜜市场掺假现象严重，研究一种快速、准确的方法用于市场流通领域掺假蜂蜜的鉴别具有重要的现实意义。采用近红外光谱（NIR）结合化学计量学方法对常见的天然蜂蜜以及掺假（掺杂常见糖浆）蜂蜜进行建模识别，并比较偏最小二乘-判别分析（PLS-DA）及支持向量机（SVM）对糖浆掺假蜂蜜鉴别模型的影响。首先，采集来自中国10个省份、20种常见蜂蜜的112个天然纯蜂蜜样品，以及6种常见糖浆样品按不同糖浆含量（10%，20%，30%，40%，50%，60%）配制的112个掺假蜂蜜样品，共计224个样品；通过近红外光仪器扫描获得所有样品的近红外光谱数据（波长范围400~2 500 nm）；然后，分别采用一阶导数（FD)、二阶导数（SD）、多元散射校正（MSC)、标准正态变化(SNVT)四种方式对原始光谱进行预处理；再结合PLS-DA和SVM建立天然蜂蜜和糖浆掺假蜂蜜的鉴别模型，比较不同预处理方法对两种不同建模算法建立的蜂蜜掺假鉴别模型效果。其中SVM算法的惩罚参数c和核函数参数g通过网格搜索法（GS）、遗传算法（GA）、粒子群算法（PSO）三种寻优算法进行优化。分析结果表明：光谱数据进行预处理后所建立的模型准确率均有明显提升，而对于SVM模型，惩罚参数c和核函数参数g对模型准确率的提升效果要比光谱预处理带来的提升效果更明显。在PLS-DA算法中，经FD光谱预处理后建立的模型效果最好，最佳PLS-DA模型准确率为87.50%；在SVM算法中，经MSC预处理后，再通过GS寻优，获得惩罚参数c为3.0314，核函数参数g为0.3298的条件下所建立的模型效果最好，最佳SVM模型准确率为94.64%。由此可见，非线性的SVM算法结合NIR光谱数据所建立的天然蜂蜜与糖浆掺假蜂蜜鉴别模型要优于线性的PLS-DA模型，同时表明NIR光谱结合化学计量学方法对常见糖浆掺杂的中国蜂蜜鉴别是可行的。     

Facile preparation,spectral property and application of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In this paper, a one-pot and sustainable method for the preparation of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites in green polyethylene glycol-200 (PEG-200) was reported with silver...     

Phase transition layers with boundary intersection for an inhomogeneous Allen–Cahn equation

We consider the nonlinear problem of inhomogeneous Allen–Cahn equation

${?}^2\mathrm{\Delta }u+V(y)u(1?u^2)=0\text{in}\mathrm{\Omega },\frac{?u}{?\nu }=0\text{on}?\mathrm{\Omega },$

where Ω is a bounded domain in ${\mathbb{R}}^2$ with smooth boundary, ? is a small positive parameter, ν denotes the unit outward normal of ?Ω, V is a positive smooth function on $\overline{\mathrm{\Omega }}$. Let Γ be a curve intersecting orthogonally with ?Ω at exactly two points and dividing Ω into two parts. Moreover, Γ satisfies stationary and non-degenerate conditions with respect to the functional ${\int }_{\mathrm{\Gamma }}{V}^{1/2}$. We can prove that there exists a solution $u_{?}$ such that: as $?\to 0$, $u_{?}$ approaches +1 in one part of Ω, while tends to ?1 in the other part, except a small neighborhood of Γ.     

A new “naked-eye” colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent sensor for imaging Hg2+ in living cells

A new oligothiophene-based sensor 3 TH for monitoring Hg²⁺ has been designed and synthesized based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. The 3 TH shows the significant specificity toward Hg²⁺ through “naked-eye” colorimetric detection as well as via ratiometric fluorescence enhancement response with low detection limit of 62 nM. In addition, sensor 3 TH shows high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg²⁺ with fast response in a suitable pH range. Moreover, the 3 TH-based test strips was used to conveniently detect Hg²⁺ ions in water. Furthermore, considering its good ‘‘turn-on’’ fluorescent sensing behavior and low cell cytotoxicity, 3 TH was successfully applied to detect and image Hg²⁺ in real water samples and living cells, which shows great potentials for application in environmental and biological systems.