氧化镓纳米材料的制备及其在光电探测方面的应用研究进展

近年来,半导体的纳米材料凭借其奇特的介观物理特性,成为当前研究的热点,特别是纳米金属氧化物。氧化镓纳米材料具备优异的光电、气敏、耐压且低损耗等特性,为材料学、电子学和化学等多个研究领域带来了新的机遇。本文概述了氧化镓纳米结构的制备方法,并展望了其在光电探测方面的应用。     

基于VIKOR和关联系数的犹豫三角模糊语言多属性决策方法

针对属性评价值为犹豫三角模糊语言集的多属性决策问题,提出一种基于VIKOR方法的犹豫三角模糊语言多属性决策方法.首先定义了犹豫三角模糊语言集的相关概念.然后运用VIKOR和关联系数方法,在可接受优势和决策过程稳定的条件下对方案进行择优,在理论分析的基础上,提出了这种新方法的计算步骤.并构建了确定最优属性权重的非线性规划模型,研究了当专家权重和属性权重未知情况下的犹豫三角模糊语言多属性决策方法.最后通过实例说明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

中考数学平行四边形压轴题解决策略探究

平行四边形压轴题大多以"存不存在"的形式出现,需要学生根据题意结合平行四边形相关知识利用分类讨论法和数形结合思想画图与分析相关情况.在面对这种问题时,学生往往难以准确画图和分析.为此,本文先对解决这类问题的主要方法和技巧进行简要介绍,然后举例分析与说明具体解决过程,最后阐述解决该类问题时需注意的几个问题,从而帮助学生排难释疑,在解决这类问题的过程中逐步建立学好、用好、考好的信心.     

A periodic DFT study on adsorption of small molecules(CH4,CO,H2O,H2S,NH3)on the WO3(001) surface-supported Au

Gas molecules(such as CH4,CO,H2O,H2S,NH_3)adsorption on the pure and Au-doped WO3(001)surface have been studied by Density functional theory calculations with generalized gradient approximation.Based on the the calculation of adsorption energy,we found the most stable adsorption site for gas molecules by comparing the adsorption energies of different gas molecules on the WO3(001)surface.We have also compared the adsorption energy of five different gas molecules on the WO3(001)surface,our calculation results show that when the five kinds of gases are adsorbed on the pure WO3(001)surface,the order of the surface adsorption energy is CO>H2S>CH4>H2O>NH3.And the results show that NH3 is the most easily adsorbed gas among the other four gases adsorbed on the surface of pure WO3(001)surface.We also calculated the five different gases on the Au-doped WO3(001)surface.The order of adsorption energy was found to be different from the previous calculation:CO>CH4>H2S>H2O>NH3.These results provide a new route for the potential applications of Au-doped WO3 in gas molecules adsorption.     

物理解题中的整体意识和局部意识

在许多物理问题中,整体与局部的关系是普遍存在的,正确分析和解决局部与整体的关系是物理教学中常用的处理问题的方法,在思维上要训练学生处理问题的整体意识和局部意识,落实物理核心素养中科学思维能力的培养.     

3D打印贝壳仿生复合材料的拉伸力学行为

采用硬质和软质双组分材料,通过调控两种基体材料的装配夹角,采用光固化3D打印技术制备了不同装配方式的仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料,开展了准静态拉伸实验,结合扫描电镜观察,分析了其拉伸力学性能、断裂及能量耗散机理。研究结果表明,保持胞元边长不变,随着面内装配角度增加,仿贝壳珍珠层复合材料的强度呈线性增加趋势,断裂应变呈线性减小的趋势;随着面外装配角度增大,断裂应变呈线性减小趋势,而强度在面外装配角小于45°时呈增强趋势,超过45°时趋于稳定;面外装配角度为45°时,材料的强度达到最大值。试样在断裂前主要通过硬质材料的拔出、软/硬相界面处微裂纹的生成及微裂纹在扩展过程中的合并和偏转等方式耗散能量。     

非定常Navier-Stokes方程基于两重网格离散的有限元并行算法

基于两重网格离散和区域分解技巧，提出三种求解非定常Navier-Stokes方程的有限元并行算法.算法的基本思想是在每一时间迭代步，在粗网格上采用Oseen迭代法求解非线性问题，在细网格上分别并行求解Oseen、Newton、Stokes线性问题以校正粗网格解.对于空间变量采用有限元离散，时间变量采用向后Euler格式离散.数值实验验证了算法的有效性.     

大规模合成具有氧空位的多孔Bi2O3用于有效降解亚甲基蓝

光催化降解有机污染物由于其具有低能耗和绿色环保的特点，已经成为研究的热点. 氧化铋纳米晶体的带隙在2.0∽2.8 eV之间，利用它催化可见光降解有机污染物具有较高的活性，从而引起了越来越多的关注. 尽管近年来已经开发了几种制备Bi₂O₃基半导体材料的方法，但是仍然难以用简单的方法大规模地制备高活性的Bi₂O₃催化剂. 因此，开发简单可行的大规模制备Bi₂O₃纳米晶体的方法对于工业废水处理的潜在应用具有重要意义. 本文通过蚀刻商用BiSn粉末，然后进行热处理，成功地大规模制备了多孔Bi₂O₃. 获得的多孔Bi₂O₃在亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解中表现出优异的活性和稳定性. 对该机理的进一步研究表明，多孔Bi₂O₃合适的能带结构允许生成活性氧物种，例如O₂^-·和·OH，可有效降解MB.     

Efficient and stable planar all-inorganic perovskite solar cells based on high-quality CsPbBr3 films with controllable morphology

All-inorganic cesium lead bromide(CsPbBr3)perovskite is attracting growing interest as functional materials in photovoltaics and other optoelectronic devices due to its superb stability.However,the fabrication of high-quality CsPbBr3 films still remains a big challenge by solution-process because of the low solubility of the cesium precursor in common solvents.Herein,we report a facile solution-processed approach to prepare high-quality CsPbBr3 perovskite films via a two-step spin-coating method,in which the Cs Br methanol/H2 O mixed solvent solution is spin-coated onto the lead bromide films,followed by an isopropanol-assisted post-treatment to regulate the crystallization process and to control the film morphology.In this fashion,dense and uniform CsPbBr3 films are obtained consisting of large crystalline domains with sizes up to microns and low defect density.The effectiveness of the resulting CsPbBr3 films is further examined in perovskite solar cells(PSCs)with a simplified planar architecture of fluorine–doped tin oxide/compact Ti O2/CsPbBr3/carbon,which deliver a maximum power conversion efficiency of 8.11%together with excellent thermal and humidity stability.The present work offers a simple and effective strategy in fabrication of high-quality CsPbBr3 films for efficient and stable PSCs as well as other optoelectronic devices.     

Li+,Bi3+掺杂对Lu2O3∶Ho3+,Yb3+粉体发光性质的影响

采用高温固相法制备了Li+、Bi3掺杂Lu2O3∶Ho3,Yb3粉体.用X射线衍射仪分析了合成粉体的微结构,用场发射扫描电子显微镜观测了样品的形貌及尺寸,用紫外可见近红外荧光光谱仪分析了合成粉体的上转换发射光谱以及能级寿命.结果 表明:Li+、Bi3掺杂的Lu2O3∶Ho3,Yb3粉体,仍然保持Lu2O3立方相结构.Li+或Bi3掺杂后,合成粉体的分散性更好,颗粒更均匀,且更加接近球形,LI+掺杂后粉体颗粒尺寸明显增加.用980 nm激发,4;Li+或1.5; Bi3+掺杂后,合成粉体中Ho3的绿光光强分别提高了约3.9倍、2.8倍.随着Li+浓度的增加,合成粉体中Ho3的5S2能级寿命先增加后减小;随着Bi3浓度的增加,合成粉体中Ho3的5S2能级寿命逐渐减小.