Functionalization of bismuth sulfide nanomaterials for their application in cancer theranostics

Multifunctional bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃) nanomaterials exhibit significant potential as nanomedicines for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. These nanomaterials act as excellent photothermal agents and radiation sensitizers for the treatment of tumors, and they can also act as contrast agents for computed tomography (CT) imaging, photoacoustic imaging (PA), and other forms of imaging to provide real-time tumor monitoring and testing guidance. Compared with other nanomaterials, Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials can readily adapt to different applications by virtue of the fact that they can be easily functionalized. However, these nanomaterials have some limitations that cannot be ignored and need to be addressed, such as poor biocompatibility, toxicity, and low chemical stability. It is widely believed that appropriate functionalization of Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials could remedy such defects and significantly improve performance. This review summarizes the ways in which Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials can be functionalized and discusses their applications in cancer theranostics over the last few years, focusing particularly on imaging and therapy. We also discuss issues relating to how Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials can be analyzed, including how we might be able to use these systems to inhibit and treat tumors and how current limitations might be overcome to improve treatment efficacy. Finally, we hope to provide inspiration and guidance as to how we might create a more optimized multifunctional nano-system for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.     

化学教学内容的学科理解研究——以“醛的结构与性质探究”为例

为在教学中切实落实化学学科核心素养,本研究从“学科”角度切入,针对教学内容探究教师如何进行学科理解。以乙醛课题为载体通过扎根理论分析专家团队基于学科理解的教学内容研讨过程,发现学科理解的对象主要是化学概念,在不同层级的概念理解中融汇化学学科思想方法。以核心概念羰基的理解过程为例,经历以下4个步骤:(1)比较烃类,确定乙醛的特殊性在于羰基;(2)基于乙醛特质挖掘本原性问题:如何基于结构认识羰基的性质;(3)运用比较分类逻辑方法抽提羰基的认识视角:极性多重键;(4)利用原子的杂化方式、电负性认识羰基结构特征,宏微结合发展认识思路。     

Surfactant-assisted synthesis of Ag nanostructures and their self-assembled films on copper and aluminum substrate

In this paper, silver nanostructures with controlled morphologies, such as plates, rods, belts, sheets and their self-assembled films have been prepared on copper and aluminum substrates by a surfactant-assisted colloidal chemical method. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns indicated that the Ag nanostructures grew on the substrates with cubic symmetry and single-crystalline in nature. An oriented attachment with surfactant-assisted mechanism and a cooperative effect of surfactant and chloride ion on the morphology of Ag nanostructures were investigated systematically and synthetically.     

Pd(Ⅱ)催化的芳基次膦酸衍生物C-H键活化芳基化反应及衍生化反应

通过对钯催化的不同次膦酸衍生物芳基偶联反应的深入探索,发现在Pd(OAc)2作催化剂,Ag2CO3作氧化剂,对苯醌(BQ)作添加剂的反应条件下,可以高效地实现芳基次膦酰胺邻位C—H键的直接芳基化。机理研究表明,芳基次膦酰胺邻位C—H键活化芳基偶联反应经历了Pd(0)到Pd(Ⅱ)的催化循环。在对偶联产物衍生化的研究过程中,发现芳基次膦酰胺化合物可以高效地转化为芳基次膦酸酯和芳基膦化氢,收率分别为98%和82%。因此,本文报道的实验结果可以为多芳基膦化合物的合成提供一个新的方法。     

涂碳铝箔对磷酸铁锂电池性能影响研究

本文研究了使用涂碳铝箔作为正极集流体磷酸铁锂电池的性能。研究对比了使用普通铝箔和涂层铝箔的10 Ah软包磷酸铁锂电池的主要性能。研究表明:使用涂层铝箔不但可以提高磷酸铁锂材料的粘结性,而且使用导电涂层可以有效降低正极材料和集流体的接触内阻,从而减小电池内阻,提高电池倍率性能。与使用普通铝箔作为集流体相比,通过使用涂碳铝箔可以使得电池的内阻降低65%左右,但是,磷酸铁锂正极材料的克容量却偏低约5~10 mAh·g-1,首次效率也偏低4%左右;在快速放电15C倍率下,使用涂碳铝箔的电芯比使用普通铝箔容量提高约15%左右,10C放电倍率下,平台增加0.3~0.4 V;使用涂碳铝箔电芯的常温自放电率较高,但容量恢复率也较高;550周循环下,使用涂碳铝箔可以使得电池的循环性能提高约1%。而在电池低温性能方面,使用涂碳铝箔对低温性能并无改善。     

Silver‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Propargylic Alcohols with Isocyanides: An Atom‐Economical Synthesis of 2,3‐Allenamides

Cross‐coupling reactions between propargylic alcohols and isocyanides, by means of silver catalysis, have been described. This new reaction is both atom and step efficient and is applicable to a broad scope of substrates, allowing the synthesis of a range of synthetically valuable 2,3‐allenamides in moderate to excellent yields.     

A flexible chelate ligand in dodecatungstoborate-based supramolecular compounds

Two new dodecatungstoborate-based supramolecular compounds, [Cu₄(H₂EGTA)₂(H₂O)₄(HBW₁₂O₄₀)]·18H₂O (1) and [Na₃(H₂O)₆Ca₃(H₂O)₆(HEGTA)₂] [H₂BW₁₂O₄₀]·21H₂O (2) (EGTA = ethyleneglycol-bis-(2-aminoethylether)-tetra acetate anion), were synthesized in aqua solution and characterized by element analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The results show that in 1 two H₂EGTA^2? anions bond to four Cu²⁺ ions forming a four-nuclear cyclic cation, Cu₄(H₂EGTA)₂(H₂O) ₄ ⁴⁺ ; and dodecatungstoborate anion HBW₁₂O₄₀ ^4? acting as a bidentate ligand links two four-nuclear cations, leading to one-dimensional chain extending along [101] direction, [Cu₄(H₂EGTA)₂(H₂O)₄(HBW₁₂O₄₀)] _n (Cu–EGTA–BW₁₂). In 2 two HEGTA^3? anions coordinate to four Ca²⁺ ions in different modes, forming a Ca-EGTA polymeric chain. The building blocks (Cu–EGTA–BW₁₂ chains in 1, Ca–HEGTA chains and BW₁₂ anions in 2) are fused into three-dimensional architectures by hydrogen bonds. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibilities of 1 were determined and the results show that in 1 there is a weak ferromagnetic interaction.     

Synthesis and characterization of π-extended thienoacenes with up to 13 fused aromatic rings

π-Extended thienoacenes that comprise alternatively arranged anthracene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene moieties and have 8 or 13 aromatic rings were synthesized. The delocalization of their HOMO and LUMO orbitals is over the entire molecules, and low-lying HOMO levels endow them good stability.     

Effects of film structure on electrochromic properties of the multilayer films containing polyoxometalates

Multilayer films of tungstophosphate anion (P₂W₁₈) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) were fabricated on quartz and ITO substrates by layer-by-layer self-assembly method. These films were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometric (CA), chronocoulometry (CC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of film structure on multilayer electrochromic properties were investigated. The electrochromic responses of the composite films were related to the surface coverage of anion and multilayer thickness. It was found that higher concentration of polycation and anion, or adding salt to the polycation solution used for multilayer film preparation led to thicker and denser film structure which improved optical contrast and coloration efficiency whereas prolonged response time.