化学降解聚丙烯树脂分子量和分子量分布的模拟计算

采用化学控制降解法调节聚丙烯的分子量和分子量分布，以控制纺丝线上的结晶，可明显降低聚丙烯纺丝温度，提高成丝质量和生产效率，产生显著的经济效益。作者曾提出用聚丙烯流动性能估算它的分子量及分子量分布的方法，同时还指出，模拟计算也是一种     

剪切条件下等规聚丙烯的结晶行为

聚丙烯是工业中应用最广泛的聚合物。聚丙烯在静态结晶时生成球晶，剪切后会生成排核，最终长成柱晶或纤维晶；在强剪切条件下会生成串晶。聚丙烯是一种存在多种晶型的聚合物，α型晶是热动力学最稳定的晶型，在一般实验条件下很难得到其他晶型；在剪切条件下聚丙烯会生成β晶-热动力学亚稳晶型。剪切会显著影响聚丙烯的结晶动力学：增加球晶的生长速率，缩短结晶诱导时间，增加活化晶核密度。人们提出了许多模型来解释剪切加速结晶动力学的实验现象，但是都有不足之处。     

导电炭黑在聚丙烯/极性聚合物体系中的选择性分散及其对导电性能的影响

以聚丙烯(PP)和极性聚合物的共混物为基体材料,以导电炭黑为填料,通过熔融共混制备导电复合材料。探讨了导电炭黑在两相基体中的分散情况以及双基体各组分比例对复合体系结构形态和导电性能的影响。SEM测试结果表明:炭黑粒子选择性地分散在极性乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)树脂或尼龙6(PA6)中。EAA相在PP基体中呈棒状伸长结构,且随着EAA树脂含量的增大,在PP基体中形成更多更为连续的棒状伸长结构,使体积电阻率迅速下降。当在体系中加入PA6,mPP/mPA6=80/20时,PA6在PP基体中形成相互连接的纤维状分散结构,显著降低了复合体系的体积电阻率。电性能测试结果表明:材料在相同导电炭黑含量下的体积电阻率相对单基体体系可降低3~7个数量级。     

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYPROPYLENE MICROPOROUS MEMBRANE BY TETHERING POLYPEPTIDES

Two kinds of polypeptides were tethered onto the surface of polypropylene microporous membrane （PPMM） through a ring opening polymerization of L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride initiated by amino groups which were introduced by ammonia plasma and y-aminopropyl triethanoxysilane treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR/ATR）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, together with water contact angle measurements were used to characterize the modified membranes. XPS analyses and FT-IR/ATR spectra demonstrated that polypeptides are actually grafted onto the membrane surface. The wettability of the membrane surface increases at first and then decreases with the increase in grafting degrees of polypeptide. Platelet adhesion and murine macrophage attachment experiments reveal an enhanced hemocompatibility for the polypeptide modified PPMMs. All these results give evidence that polypeptide grafting can simultaneously improve the hemocompatibility as well as reserve the hydrophobicity for the membrane, which will provide a potential approach to improve the performance of polypropylene hollow fiber microporous membrane used in artificial oxygenator.     

丙烯聚合用TiCl_4/MgCl_2催化剂的研究——聚合温度和烷基铝的影响

研究了不同助催化剂和不同聚合温度对催化剂TiCl4/MgCl2/9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)芴(BMMF)丙烯聚合性能的影响.研究结果发现该催化剂在高温(100℃)聚合时,采用还原能力和络合能力较弱的烷基铝(Hex3Al)为助催化剂可以得到高的立构选择性(97%)和高活性.100℃聚合时不同的助催化剂对催化剂得到的聚丙烯结构有重要影响.助催化剂为Me3Al聚合得到的中等等规聚丙烯含量比其他烷基铝高.助催化剂为Et3Al聚合得到聚丙烯链结构中含有少量乙烯共聚单元;而助催化剂为Me3Al,iBu3Al和Hex3Al聚合得到聚丙烯链结构中没有发现共聚单元.     

硬弹性聚丙烯纤维分子链的取向特征

硬弹性聚丙烯是在应变结晶和热结晶两个复合过程中形成的。利用双折射并结合广角X射线衍射（WAXD）等方法，研究了硬弹性聚丙烯在制备过程中晶相及非晶相分子链取向的变化，讨论了分了链的取向与硬弹性的关系。结果发现：降低熔体温度或提高熔体拉伸比可以提高晶相及非晶相分子链的取向，热处理时，晶相分子链的取向程度有所提高，而非晶相分子链的取向程度有所下降。在所研究的热处理温度的范围内，硬弹性聚丙烯的弹性回复率越高，晶相分子链的取向程度越高。     

BRITTLE-DUCTILE TRANSITION OF PP/EPDM/ELASTOMERIC NANO-PARTICLE TERNARY BLENDS

The brittle-ductile transition is a very important phenomenon for polymer toughening. Polypropylene （PP） is often toughened by using rubbers, e.g., ethylene-propylene diene monomer （EPDM） has often been used as a modifier. In this article, the toughening of PP by using a new kind of rubber, known as elastomeric nano-particle （ENP）, and the brittleductile transition of PP/EPDM/ENP was studied. Compared to PP/EPDM binary blends, the brittle-ductile transition of PP/EPDM/ENP ternary blends occurred at lower EPDM contents. SEM experiment was carried out to investigate the etched and impact-fractured surfaces. ENP alone had no effect on the impact strength of PP, however, with the same EPDM content, PP/EPDM/ENP ternary blends had smaller particle size, better dispersion and smaller interparticle distance in contrary to PP/EPDM binary blends, which promoted the brittle-ductile transition to occur earlier.     

EFFECT OF COMPATIBILITY ON PHASE MORPHOLOGY AND ORIENTATION OF ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE （IPP） BLENDS OBTAINED BY DYNAMIC PACKING INJECTION MOLDING

The effect of compatibility on phase morphology and orientation of isotactic polypropylene （iPP） blends under shear stress was investigated via dynamic packing injection molding （DPIM）. The compatibility of iPP blended with other polymers, namely, atactic polypropylene （aPP）, octane-ethylene copolymer （POE）, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber （EPDM） and poly（ethylene-co-vinyl acetate） （EVA）, have first been studied using dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA）. These blends were subjected to DPIM, which relies on the application of shear stress fields to the melt/solid interfaces during the packing stage by means of hydraulically actuated pistons. The phase morphology, orientation and mechanical properties of the injection-molded samples were characterized by SEM, 2D WAXS and Instron. For incompatible iPP/EVA blends, a much elongated and deformed EVA particles and a higher degree of iPP chain orientation were observed under the effect of shear. However, for compatible iPP/aPP blends, a less deformed and elongated aPP particles and less oriented iPP chains were deduced. It can be concluded that the compatibility between the components decreases the deformation and orientation in the polymer blends. This is most likely due to the hindering effect, resulting from the molecular entanglement and interaction in the compatible system.     

氯化聚丙烯乳液的研究进展

氯化聚丙烯乳液是水基聚烯烃专用涂料的重要组成部分。本文综述了它的组成及其制备方法，并对其前景进行了展望。     

间规聚苯乙烯/等规聚丙烯/间规聚苯乙烯-b-聚(1-丁烯)共混体系相容性

间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)的改性主要是对其增韧改性,提高其力学性能.sPS的化学改性已有较多文献报道[1,2].