微型加速度传感器用于金属棒弹性模量测量

基于振动理论给出的悬臂梁弯曲自由振动的一阶固有频率与材料弹性模量的关系,提出用微型加速度传感器测量悬臂梁单端自由振动的频率,并在自行搭建的实验装置上对钢棒的弹性模量进行了测量,分析了影响测量结果准确性的因素.最终实验结果与手册查询到的对照值十分吻合,测量的相对不确定度为0.66%.本实验原理清晰、装置构成简单、操作简便、结果较精确,适于教学使用或工业现场检测之用.     

SalenMn(Ⅲ)催化非活化烯烃的不对称溴胺化反应研究

对SalenMn(Ⅲ)催化的非活性烯烃溴胺化反应进行研究,考察催化剂、溶剂、溴化试剂、温度和时间对反应产率和对映体过量(ee)值的影响。研究发现,当Cat.1为催化剂、氯代苯为溶剂和次溴酸钠为溴化试剂在10°C下反应6h,反应产率最高为88%,ee(对映体过量值)最高为93%。此方法为构建手性氮杂环化合物提供了新选择。     

微流控芯片与ESI-Q-TOF质谱联用法分析C_(30)单颗粒上的除草剂

除草剂是近20年来逐渐发展起来的一种农药类型.在蔬菜或粮食作物中残留的除草剂,通过食物链而对人畜产生慢性危害作用,是一种潜在的危害人类健康的环境污染物.分析蔬菜等作物中的除草剂并对其含量进行控制是关系到人类健康的重要课题.     

基于微流控芯片利用水凝胶微结构捕获单细胞的分析方法研究

细胞是生命活动的基本单位,为了掌握生命过程的规律,必须以研究细胞为基础,深入探索细胞的行为.单细胞分析在近些年作为研究细胞内部物质、细胞分泌物和代谢产物的重要手段,特别是在对重大疾病的早期诊断、治疗和药物筛选以及细胞生理、病理过程的研究有重要意义.     

银纳米粒子修饰的二维金属-有机框架纳米片用于光热增强银离子释放抗菌

近年来,二维(2D)金属-有机框架(MOF)纳米复合材料被广泛的应用于生物医学领域,尤其是在抗菌方面。在此,我们通过光照诱导还银离子成功在二维MOF纳米片上生长银纳米粒子,得到了一种银纳米粒子(Ag NPs)修饰的二维Zr-Fc-MOF (MOF-Ag)纳米片,并将其用于光热增强Ag⁺释放抗菌治疗。通过水热法和超声处理合成MOF纳米片,然后通过原位光辐照诱导还原在MOF纳米片上生长Ag NPs。系列表征结果表明Ag NPs成功负载到MOF纳米片上。聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的修饰不仅可以增强MOF-Ag在溶液中的稳定性,还可以增强它的生物相容性。在近红外激光(NIR)照射下,MOF纳米片可以在短时间升温,而温度的升高可以加速Ag NPs在溶液中氧化为银离子。通过细菌生长曲线、菌落相对数和细菌形态变化等实验表明PVP@MOF-Ag纳米片具有优异的广谱杀菌性能。此外,2D MOF纳米片良好的光热性能不仅可以增强Ag⁺的释放,还可以增强细胞膜的通透性,随后进入细菌中的Ag⁺可以诱导内源性活性氧的产生,从而引发细菌的氧化应激,实现高效抗菌。基于良好的体外抗菌性能,进一步将PVP@MOF-Ag纳米片用于小鼠伤口愈合,在此期间PVP@MOF-Ag纳米片表现出良好的治疗效果和生物安全性。我们的研究结果表明,PVP@MOF-Ag纳米片可以作为光热增强Ag⁺释放抗菌治疗和伤口愈合的有效平台。     

钻具遇卡声波检测理论与实验研究*

石油钻探过程中,钻具经常发生陷入泥沙中不能自由活动进而卡在井下的事故。本文提出使用单发双收声系来检测钻具遇卡的方法,首先使用有限差分模拟了钻具外为自由流体和泥沙两种介质时的钻铤波响应,通过对比远近接收器的钻铤波衰减,发现泥沙卡钻情况下的钻铤波衰减要明显大于自由钻具情况。随后建立了实验模型对理论结果进行了验证。理论模拟与实验结果均表明声波方法可用以检测钻具遇卡事故,从而确定卡钻的深度位置,为解卡钻作业提供解释依据。     

低密度泡沫金提升黑腔腔壁再发射率的实验研究

提高黑腔辐射温度对高能量密度物理研究,尤其是惯性约束聚变研究至关重要.提高黑腔腔壁再发射率是增强黑腔辐射温度的一个有效措施.理论研究发现低密度泡沫材料能够降低腔壁能量损失,进而提高再发射率.在神光II原型激光装置上开展了泡沫金和固体金再发射能流对比测量实验,证实了该理论研究.实验利用透射光栅得到具有空间分辨和谱分辨的X射线发射,测量结果表明在190 eV的黑腔辐射场作用下,0.4 g/cc密度的泡沫金可比固体金提升约20%的X射线能流发射,并且增加的发射以1 keV以下的低能能段为主.自相似解得到的理论结果和MULTI 1D模拟计算的结果均表明泡沫金可提高腔壁再发射能流,与实验结果定性一致.研究结果表明,泡沫金作为黑腔腔壁材料可提高腔壁再发射率,增强黑腔辐射温度,具有诱人的应用前景.     

Enhancement of charging performance of quantum battery via quantum coherence of bath

An open quantum battery (QB) model of a single qubit system charging in a coherent auxiliary bath (CAB) consisting of a series of independent coherent ancillae is considered. According to the collision charging protocol we derive a quantum master equation and obtain the analytical solution of QB in a steady state. We find that the full charging capacity (or the maximal extractable work (MEW)) of QB, in the weak QB-ancilla coupling limit, is positively correlated with the coherence magnitude of ancilla. Combining with the numerical simulations we compare with the charging properties of QB at finite coupling strength, such as the MEW, average charging power and the charging efficiency, when considering the bath to be a thermal auxiliary bath (TAB) and a CAB, respectively. We find that when the QB with CAB, in the weak coupling regime, is in fully charging, both its capacity and charging efficiency can go beyond its classical counterpart, and they increase with the increase of coherence magnitude of ancilla. In addition, the MEW of QB in the regime of relative strong coupling and strong coherent magnitude shows the oscillatory behavior with the charging time increasing, and the first peak value can even be larger than the full charging MEW of QB. This also leads to a much larger average charging power than that of QB with TAB in a short-time charging process. These features suggest that with the help of quantum coherence of CAB it becomes feasible to switch the charging schemes between the long-time slow charging protocol with large capacity and high efficiency and the short-time rapid charging protocol with highly charging power only by adjusting the coupling strength of QB-ancilla. This work clearly demonstrates that the quantum coherence of bath can not only serve as the role of "fuel" of QB to be utilized to improve the QB's charging performance but also provide an alternative way to integrate the different charging protocols into a single QB.     

Ground State Properties for Bose-Condensed Gas in Anisotropic Traps

Based on the energy functional and variational method, we present a new method to investigate the ground state properties for a weakly interacting Bose-condensed gas in an anisotropic harmonic trap at zero temperature. With this method we are able to find the analytic expression of the ground-state wavefunction and to explore the relevant quantities, such as energy, chemical potential, and the aspect ratio of the velocity distribution. These results agree well with previous ground state numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation given by Dalfovo et al. [Phys. Rev. A 53 （1996） 2477] This new method is simple compared to other methods used to solve numerically the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and one can obtain analytic and reliable results.     

高等数学CAI汉字技术

作者在多年从事ＣＡＩ软件研制工作的过程中，针对高等数学ＣＡＩ研制的难点——有关汉字的处理问题，潜心钻研，提出了一种非常方便、实用的小汉字库技术，圆满地解决了这一难题。本文给出了这种技术的构成原理，并提供了详细的Ｃ语言源程序．