色谱法分析环境中铝形态的进展

综述了色谱法在环境体系铝形态研究中的应用进展,比较了离子交换色谱、体积排阻色谱、反相高效液相色谱、快速蛋白质液相色谱、毛细管电泳以及流路中嵌入色谱小柱的流动注射分析法的优缺点。引用文献55篇。     

苯甲酸在水-乙醇混合物溶剂中的电离焓

本文测定了苯甲酸在水-乙醇混合溶剂中的电离焓, 并就此进行了讨论。     

锌空电池气体扩散电极浸液量对放电性能的影响

锌空电池气体扩散电极在存放和放电过程中,电解液会在毛细力的作用下不断浸入电极。电解液在气体扩散电极中的浸入量与分布情况决定了气体扩散电极中的化学反应活化区,从而影响放电性能。通过实验测量了气体扩散电极开始浸液的4天内浸液量与放电性能的关系,并借助拓扑网络数值模拟电解液浸入多孔介质的过程帮助理解该实验现象。结果表明,随着放电过程的进行,浸液量和分布情况不断变化;气体扩散电极放电性能变化主要分为3个阶段:浸液饱和度为39.4%时放电性能最佳;浸液开始2~24小时进行迅速,浸液饱和度达到81%,放电性能小幅下降;24小时之后浸液增速大幅减缓,放电功率随浸液量增加大幅下降。     

A new heuristics model of simulating pedestrian dynamics based on Voronoi diagram

A new heuristics model based on the Voronoi diagram is presented to simulate pedestrian dynamics with the noncrowded state, in which these mechanisms of preference demand evading and surpassing, microscopic anti-deadlock, and site-fine-tuning are considered. The preference demand describes the willingness determination of detouring or following other pedestrians. In the evading and surpassing mechanisms, in order to achieve a balance between avoiding conflicts and minimizing detour distances, a new pair of concepts: "allow-areas and denial-areas" are introduced to divide the feasible region for pedestrians detour behaviors, in which the direction and magnitude of detour velocity are determined.A microscopic anti-deadlock mechanism is inserted to avoid deadlock problem of the counter-directional pedestrian. A site-fine-tuning mechanism is introduced to describe the behavior of avoiding getting too close to the neighbors in pedestrian movement. The presented model is verified through multiple scenarios, including the uni-or bi-direction pedestrian flow in the corridor without obstacles, the uni-direction pedestrian flow in the corridor with obstacles, and the pedestrian evacuation from a room with single-exit. The simulation results show that the velocity–density relationship is consistent with empirical data. Some self-organizing phenomena, such as lanes formation and arching are observed in the simulation.When pedestrians detour an obstacle, the avoiding area before the obstacle and the unoccupied area after the obstacle can be observed. When pedestrians evacuate through a bottleneck without panic, the fan-shaped crowd can be found, which is consistent with the actual observation. It is also found that the behavior of following others in an orderly manner is more conducive to the improvement of the overall movement efficiency when the crowd moves in a limited space.     

Molecular beam epitaxy growth of monolayer hexagonal MnTe2 on Si(111) substrate

Monolayer MnTe₂ stabilized as 1T structure has been theoretically predicted to be a two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic metal and can be tuned via strain engineering. There is no naturally van der Waals (vdW) layered MnTe₂ bulk, leaving mechanical exfoliation impossible to prepare monolayer MnTe₂. Herein, by means of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), we successfully prepared monolayer hexagonal MnTe₂ on Si(111) under Te rich condition. Sharp reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) patterns suggest the monolayer is atomically flat without surface reconstruction. The valence state of Mn⁴⁺ and the atom ratio of ([Te]:[Mn]) further confirm the MnTe₂ compound. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) shows the hexagonal MnTe₂ monolayer is a semiconductor with a large bandgap of ~2.78 eV. The valence-band maximum (VBM) locates at the Γ point, as illustrated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), below which three hole-type bands with parabolic dispersion can be identified. The successful synthesis of monolayer MnTe₂ film provides a new platform to investigate the 2D magnetism.     

基于光引发剂分解动力学调控聚合过程的研究

通过采取定期取样的办法,利用紫外分光光度仪测得不同时间下的同一时刻的丙烯酰胺的转化率和光引发剂2-羟基-2-甲基-1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-1-丙酮在混合物中的含量,可以发现丙烯酰胺的光聚合过程存在明显的3个阶段,根据同一时刻下丙烯酰胺的转化率对应的引发剂的含量,建立以光引发剂消耗量划分聚合过程的三阶段模型,将聚合过程分为聚合前期、聚合中期和聚合后期,通过光照强度、狭缝宽度和旋转速度研究了光引发剂的分解动力学,计算出不同条件下的引发剂的分解速率常数kd.结果表明,实验条件下光引发剂分解速率常数kd在4.00×10~(-4)s~(-1)内可调控,在聚合三阶段模型中存在最佳kd组合,即第一阶段kd为4.00×10~(-4)s~(-1),第二阶段kd为1.90×10~(-4)s~(-1),第三阶段kd为1.90×10~(-4)s~(-1),得到合成聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的最佳自由基浓度是10.82×10~(-8)~12.56×10~(-8)mol·L~(-1)s~(-1),光引发剂的初始浓度[I]0应控制在100~110 mg/L.     

温敏性共聚物P(DMA-co-DAAM)的合成与热缔合行为研究

以N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMA)和双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)为共聚单体,在水溶液中采用常规自由基聚合以K_2S_2O_8-Na_2SO_3双氧化还原体系为引发剂,合成了一系列具有最低临界溶解温度(LCST)的温敏性聚合物P(DMA-co-DAAM).采用紫外可见分光光度计、动态光散射、芘荧光探针法和变温核磁共振氢谱等多种手段研究共聚物在不同温度下的溶液结构,结果表明共聚物P(DMA-co-DAAM)具有明显的热致缔合行为,在低温下聚合物以单链形式溶解,温度升高超过LCST之后由于P(DMA-co-DAAM)分子链上DAAM侧基发生亲水-疏水性变化,部分疏水链段缔合形成微相分离的胶束聚集体.进一步的研究还表明通过改变共聚物组成和溶液浓度能够有效调节共聚物溶液的缔合转变温度,共聚物P(DMA-co-DAAM)的LCST值与DAAM含量成很好的线性关系,DAAM含量越高LCST温度越低.采用常规自由基聚合所带来的链间异质性以及分子量的多分散性等特点并没有显著影响共聚物P(DMA-co-DAAM)的温敏性.     

疏水缔合聚合物分子量分布曲线的测定

在体积百分浓度为50%1,3-丙二醇、0.2 mol/L Na Cl和水溶剂条件下,消除疏水缔合聚合物(HAWSP)溶液中疏水缔合作用,屏蔽溶液中的聚电解质效应,使HAWSP分子在稀溶液中处于单分子分散状态.然后利用膜孔径分离原理,选择不同孔径的微孔滤膜,用微孔滤膜流动实验装置对疏水缔合聚合物进行分级,将不同分子量的聚合物分离开来.用二次方程拟合滤出液质量-过滤时间关系曲线得到各级分聚合物溶液的质量,以分光光度法测定各级分聚合物溶液的浓度,根据质量和浓度计算得到各级分的累积百分含量.结合静态光散射和毛细管法标定了疏水缔合聚合物Mark-Houwink方程[η]=0.182M~(0.586),用于准确测定疏水缔合聚合物各个级分的分子量.选择四参数方程曲线,根据各级分的分子量M和累积百分含量W,得到分子量的分布曲线.与动态光散射分析进行比较的结果表明,两种方法测试结果一致.     

直通道内两相流动的格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟

本文改进了多弛豫时间多组分伪势格子玻尔兹曼方法,使其可以适用于极大黏度比的情况.研究了二维直通道内的两相流动,分析了饱和度、黏度比、润湿性和毛细管数对相对渗透率和相渗曲线的影响.结果表明,大黏度相的相对渗透率随着黏度比的增大而增大,维持高流动能力的饱和度范围也随之扩大,小黏度相与之相反;黏性耦合效应对两相相对渗透率的影响存在极限,即不会导致小黏度相的相对渗透率低于最小值,也不会使大黏度相的相对渗透率高于最大值;非润湿条件会使大黏度相的流动能力增强,相对渗透率增加,并强化相渗曲线的非单调性;润湿条件会减弱大黏度相的流动能力,相对渗透率降低;毛细管数的增加会导致更明显的接触角滞后效应,使两相相对渗透率降低.     

一种香豆素pH荧光染料的开发及应用

香豆素类化合物具有良好的荧光光谱,已广泛运用于抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等研究。前期研究中,作者发现3-苯并咪唑-7-羟基香豆素可作为荧光探针监测细胞内pH值变化（pKa = 7.20,pH 6.50 ~ 8.30）。因此,该文通过在3-苯并咪唑-7-羟基香豆素C－3位苯并咪唑上引入甲氧基给电子基团,得到化合物3-（6-甲氧基-1H-苯并咪唑）-7-羟基香豆素（BC）,并通过核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）、核磁共振碳谱（13C NMR）和高分辨质谱（HR－MS）确定了探针化合物的结构,考察了其荧光属性及pH值变化对检测的影响。结果表明,该探针具有较高的选择性和抗干扰能力,在pH 5.5 ~ 10.0范围内（pKa = 8.36）,其荧光强度随着pH值的增大而增强。此外,BC可被成功应用于标记HeLa细胞内pH值的变化,展现出较好的生物医学应用前景。