国际监测系统水听器台站监测能力分析*

为有效保障全面禁止核试验条约(CTBT)的执行,国际监测系统(IMS)基于大洋海域的水声台站开展水下核爆、邻近海岸的地下核爆和近海面的空中核爆监测。为评估IMS水声台站对核爆和潜艇活动的监测能力,以IMS水听器台站HA11为例,开展IMS水听器台站监测能力研究。依据抛物方程方法进行全球海域传播损失预测,并根据实际历史数据获取的IMS水声台站背景噪声级,以及给定的水下爆炸声源级和10-100Hz潜艇辐射噪声谱级,实现探测水下爆炸声源和潜艇的优质因数估计,从而给出IMS水听器台站对爆炸声源和潜艇活动的监测范围。研究结果表明,对于安静型潜艇,较低的辐射噪声级导致HA11水听器台站监测距离小于1km。对于水下爆炸声源,即便当量仅1kgTNT,监测范围可覆盖北太平洋大部分区域。随着潜艇航速的提高,水声台站探测距离虽有所增加,但仍不足以实现潜艇活动的有效监测。因此,IMS水声台站对正常的潜艇活动探测能力有限,而基于良好的深海声信道和较高的爆炸源级则可实现全球大洋海域和部分近海海域的水下爆炸事件监测。     

浅海随机相位起伏声场中速度估计的互谱分析方法

浅海条件下,目标运动速度是基于波导不变量声源被动定位的关键因素,利用浅海波导环境下的声场简正波理论,研究了浅海随机相位起伏的波束域声场互相关信号的特点,并通过声速剖面的二阶统计量对随机相位扰动进行了有效的补偿,提出利用波束域声场互相关信号进行谱分析的速度估计方法,仿真实验表明了该方法的有效性。利用2013年7月海试实验数据,该方法准确的估计出了目标的速度,并与GPS实测速度对比,速度估计的相对误差在10%以内。     

基于机器视觉的ROV水下管线自动跟踪方法

针对混浊水下管线检测过程中由于光学图像成像不清而难以实现自动跟踪的问题,提出一种基于机器视觉和声纳图像处理的水下管线自动跟踪方法。鉴于声纳图像噪声大的问题,该方法采用Gabor滤波器增强管线特征,然后通过二值化,以及Canny边缘提取管线轮廓,最后通过霍夫变换得到管线的几何特征。为了提高管线提取的效率,采用卡尔曼滤波对管线走向和位置进行预测。通过ROV实验,结果表明,该方法能够减少图像搜索的面积,减少处理时间,成功地提取出管线特征。该方法应用于混浊水下管线跟踪是可行的、有效的。     

第八讲水声通信及其研究进展

水声通信是当前唯一可在水下进行远程信息传输的通信形式，由于其在民用和军事上都有重大意义，水声通信的研究一直是国内外研究的热点．文章介绍了水声通信的特点、系统组成、发展历史和国内外的发展现状，最后简要介绍了文章作者在高速水声通信研究方面的成果和进展．     

Robust adaptive matched field processing with environmental uncertainty

The main challenges on detection and localization of quiet targets in littoral regions for passive sonar are the complicated acoustic propagation and the prevalence of loud ship interferences on the surface. Adaptive matched field processing can provide the ability to null surface interferences, but the mismatch between the computed and actual array steering vectors due to environment uncertainty, and the motion of both targets and interferences can result in loss of array gain significantly. To address the problem of environmental mismatch and target motion, a robust motion compensation algorithm and a system scheme for adaptive matched field processing have been developed. Both Numerical simulation and analysis of experimental data demonstrates that the robust AMFP scheme could suppress surface loud interferences and improve the detection performance for underwater weak moving targets in complex shallow water.     

Direction of arrival estimation using array model in time-frequency domain

Time-frequency analysis is combined with array processing to develop a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method. The array data model is constructed in time-frequency domain by cross time-frequency distribution between the output of a reference sensor and those of two symmetric sub-arrays. Accordingly a subspace method is presented based on the average of two sub-arrays‘ time-frequency data vector model instead of the conventional array model, to estimate DOAs of multiple signals. Because the array data is processed both in spatial domain and 2-D time-frequency domain, the proposed method has an ability to select the signal of interesting, and is suitable for non-stationary signal. Additionally, the method is robust to noise and holds an advantage of low computational load. Simulations are conducted to verify the efficiency of the method and comparision is made with other methods.     

靠泊声纳研制成功

随着海运事业的迅速发展,轮船吨位不断地增大,安全靠泊码头已成为一个突出问题。特别是油轮的靠泊,一旦发生事故,除经济上的损失之外,还会造成不     

Research on non-uniform sampling problem when adapting wavenumber algorithm to multiple-receiver synthetic aperture sonar

The azimuth sampling of multiple-receiver SAS systems is non-uniform,which causes standard wavenumber algorithm（ω—κ） can＇t be applied to multiple-receiver SAS image reconstruction.To solve the problem,two methods are presented,which can adapt the standardω—κalgorithm to multiple-receiver SAS system.One method named Non-uniform Separate Fourier Transform（NSFFT） converts the Fourier Transform（FT） of the non-uniform samples in azimuth direction into several uniform FTs on the assumption that the sonar array moves along a linear track in a uniform velocity.The other method,however,calculates the azimuth non-uniform sampling FT by non-uniform fast FT（NFFT）.Detail analyses are presented on two methods＇ theoretical principles.For validation,both methods are applied to reconstruct images of simulation datasets and lake-trial datasets.Results show that both methods can be applied to image reconstruction of multiple-receiver SAS.The NSFFT method has the advantage of higher computing efficiency but produces degraded images when velocities of the sonar array vary in a large range.By contrast,the NFFT method is able to deal with arbitrary-velocity variation but has a heavier computing load.In conclusion,both methods have pros and cons and the choice of two methods is determined by the application situation.     

多普勒计程仪作用距离估计

多普勒计程仪已成功应用于多种载体的导航,而其最大作用距离对于设计和使用都具有重要的意义。根据声纳方程各项的定义并根据多普勒计程仪工作时的特点,推导出不同条件下声纳方程中各项的计算公式,从而对多普勒计程仪的最大作用距离进行估计,最后将某型多普勒计程仪的相关参数代入推导的公式中,并进行计算得到理论计算值。同时还计算了多普勒计程仪在不同条件下的作用距离。     

海豚声纳信号的脉冲分解及特征分析

提出一种海豚声纳目标探测脉冲串信号的脉冲分解方法,在此基础上对海豚声纳脉冲信号的特征进行了分析,其中包括脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔以及脉冲的时间分辨率和频率分辨率,并采用耳蜗滤波对海豚声纳脉冲串信号的时频特征进行了分析。分析结果表明,探测目标的过程中,根据目标距离的不同,海豚会自适应调节脉冲信号的发射频率和信号形式。