环空大挠度钻柱力学分析的动坐标迭代法及其简化应用

应用动坐标迭代法分析环空钻柱的边界待定问题与几何非线性受力变形问题。将摩擦引入平衡计算中，导出了三维分析模型。计算说明该方法和模型简便可靠，实际应用可以简化计算。     

A generic mathematical model of single point cutting tools in terms of grinding parameters

The paper presents the analytical geometric details of the mathematical modeling of a single point cutting tool with a generic profile. The grinding angles and the ground depths on the tool are allowed to vary along the tool flanks and face, altering the cutting angles from point to point. The surface modeling begins with the creation of a tool blank model. Then unbounded surfaces are considered and transformed to get the cutting tool surfaces. The intersection of these surfaces gives the complete model of the tool. Starting from the basic model where the tool face and flank are planar, the generalization of the geometric design has been done in two steps to give free-form shapes to the tool surfaces, termed as the two generations of the generic profile. Then a forward and inverse mapping has been presented for the basic model and the two generations of the generic tool to relate the grinding angles with the prevalent nomenclatures (ASA, ORS and NRS). The model has been validated and the variation of tool angles with the grinding parameters has been illustrated with an example.     

Study of inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin and diphenylamine: photophysical and electrochemical behaviors

The photophysical, electrochemical and photoprototropic behaviors of diphenylamine (DPA) in aqueous β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) solution have been investigated using absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Absorption of the neutral and cationic form of DPA is enhanced due to the formation of a 1:1 complex with β-CD. The formation of this complex has been confirmed by Benesi-Hildebrand plot and docking studies by RasMol tool methods. The solid complex of β-CD with DPA is investigated by FT-IR, XRD and AFM methods. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) of inclusion process are also determined. The pK(a) values of neutral-monocation equilibria have been determined with absorption (conjugate acid-base) titrations. A mechanism is proposed to explain the inclusion process.     

Combination of colored patterns and cubes for crystallographic point group visualization

A concept based on the application of a cube as a general polyhedron is presented for the visualization of point group symmetry. The cube is used to represent both the highest and lowest crystal symmetries, with differences observable as patterns characteristic to each point group. Patterns are generated using direction‐specific color keys, which enable the recognition of point group‐specific distribution of vectors in an external reference frame. For the visualization of the incoherent hexagonal crystal classes, two twinned cubes are applied in order to generate symmetry operators that would otherwise be missing. The resulting hexagonal dipyramid is described in the frame of a cube, reducing the number of used symmetry operators from 72 to 60. The complete set of 32 polyhedra are suitable, for example, as a visual aid for understanding the crystal symmetry and/or sub‐ and supergroup relationships.     

Analysis of Machining Stability for a Parallel Machine Tool

Abstract

Machine tool chatter is a self-excited vibration generated by chip thickness variation. It severely degrades the quality of the machined surface. The incidence of chatter is greatly affected by the dynamic characteristics of machine tool structure. This article extends chatter stability analysis to a machine tool equipped with a parallel mechanism. The vibration model of a parallel machine tool is derived, in which the legs of the parallel mechanism are considered as spring-damper systems. Then, the regenerative cutting dynamics is combined with the vibration model and stability analysis is performed. The chatter stability charts for various machining parameters are examined, with the example of the cubic parallel mechanism that is specially designed for machine tool use.     

Post‐oxidizing effects on surface characteristics of salt bath nitrocarburized AISI 02 tool steel type

The effect of post‐oxidizing treatment on the characteristics of modified surface layers produced by salt bath nitrocarburizing on the industrial American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 02 tool steel types is investigated. Nitrocarburizing treatment is performed for 6 h and 8 h at 570 °C and post‐oxidizing treatment for 30, 60 and 90 min at 520 °C, using argon–steam mixture. Formed layers are characterized by their basic properties such as thickness layer, depth, surface hardness and wear resistance. Detailed estimation of the modified metal surface quality, in terms of chemical composition, formed phases, microstructures and diffusion mechanisms are performed by metallographic techniques, EDX, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glow discharge optical electron spectroscopy (GDOES). The corrosion resistance was investigated in 0.4 M H₂SO₄ solutions, using steady‐state electrochemical polarization methods. The obtained results revealed the existence of a superficial oxide layer which consists of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and hematite (Fe₂O₃) and the presence of an ε‐phase associated with a small amount of γ′‐phase. Important improvements in wear, microhardness and corrosion resistance occur after these treatments and it is specifically concluded that the sole application of a nitrocarburizing treatment does not significantly ameliorate the corrosion resistance of the as‐received steel. In fact, post‐oxidation treatment contributes to increase corrosion resistance by forming a dense magnetite layer and at the same time, it partially covers the compound layer pores. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

合金工具钢的水下爆炸焊接

针对水下爆炸焊接法对超薄、高硬度脆性材料的独特应用特点,开展合金工具钢与铜箔的焊接复合实验。采用高爆速炸药倾斜装药方式,开展实验研究。利用有限元软件ANASYS/LS-DYNA对水下爆炸冲击波驱动飞板的飞行过程进行数值模拟,验证焊接参数合理性。模拟结果显示,飞板与基本碰撞速度沿焊接方向逐渐减小。微观组织观察显示,界面整体表现为爆炸焊接波状形态,呈沿焊接方向逐渐减弱的趋势,与模拟预计结果一致。对焊接实验样品界面处进行显微硬度测试,显示近界面处硬度稍有增加。     

热冲压模具钢SDCM高温摩擦磨损性能

为了研究新型热冲压模具材料SDCM钢的高温摩擦磨损性能,对比国外优质热作模具材料CR7V钢,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射分析(XRD),UMT-3型高温摩擦磨损试验机以及Bruker白光轮廓仪等手段研究了新型热冲压模具钢SDCM热处理后组织状态、抗氧化性能以及不同温度高温摩擦磨损后磨痕形貌、截面形貌、表面物相.结果表明:不同温度下SDCM钢磨损机制差异明显,100℃时,材料主要为黏着磨损,经过300℃、500℃轻微氧化磨损与黏着磨损共存的阶段后,700℃时,磨损机制转变为氧化磨损;在100~400℃范围内,CR7V由于含有更多的M23C6型和M7C3型碳化物(分别占总碳化物的3.4%和12.7%),因而具有较高的耐磨性;500~700℃范围内,SDCM因具有更高的抗回火软化能力;同时Cr元素含量较少,抗氧化能力较弱,能够及时形成摩擦氧化层,作为"润滑剂",提高材料的耐磨性.     

冷却润滑对纯铁车削刀具磨损的影响机理

合适的冷却润滑方式是改善切削摩擦,降低切削温度和切削力,提高刀具寿命的关键技术.采用干切、水冷、微量润滑(Minimum quantity lubrication,MQL)以及菜籽油润滑等四种方式进行了不同工艺参数下纯铁材料的车削试验,研究了冷却润滑方式对纯铁车削刀具磨损的影响机理.结果表明:纯铁车削时刀具磨损形态以主、副切削刃处的沟槽磨损和后刀面磨损为主,前刀面上黏结有工件材料并形成积屑瘤;MQL条件下的刀具寿命最长,而水冷时最小;扩散磨损、氧化磨损和黏结磨损是纯铁车削刀具的主要磨损机理;四种冷却润滑方式下切削力、前刀面与切屑间平均摩擦系数和表面显微硬度的显著差异是造成刀具寿命明显不同的根本原因.     

基于离散元法的涂层硬质合金刀具建模及其加工损伤预测

首先建立了TiCN涂层硬质合金刀具基体材料(WC)的离散元模型,根据单轴压缩、三点弯曲以及断裂韧性等数值试验方法校准了基体材料离散元模型的微观参数,然后采用划痕法校准了基体与涂层的界面结合强度。根据Merchant切削模型,建立了涂层刀具切削过程中的刀-屑接触模型,通过对切屑施加周期性边界条件来模拟实际的切削加工过程;模拟了涂层刀具加工过程中的裂纹扩展和破坏情况,并预测了切削加工用量对涂层裂纹扩展及破坏的影响。