The analysis of the flow of a micropolar fluid between two orthogonally moving porous disks with counter rotating directions

The present work investigates the unsteady, imcompressible flow of a micropolar fluid between two orthogonally moving porous coaxial disks. The lower and upper disks are rotating with the same angular speed in counter directions. The flows are driven by the contraction and the rotation of the disks. An extension of the Von Kármán type similarity transformation is proposed and is applied to reduce the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) to a set of non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in dimensionless form. These differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions are responsible for the flow behavior between large but finite coaxial rotating disks. The analytical solutions are obtained by employing the homotopy analysis method. The effects of some various physical parameters like the expansion ratio, the rotational Reynolds number, the permeability Reynolds number, and micropolar parameters on the velocity fields are observed in graphs and discussed in detail.     

Nanostructured PdRu/C catalysts for formic acid oxidation

Pd and bimetallic PdRu nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC-72 carbon prepared by the microwave-assisted polyol process are examined as electrocatalysts for the electrooxidation of formic acid. The catalysts are characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Pd and PdRu nanoparticles with sizes of <10 nm display the characteristic diffraction peaks of a Pd face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure. It is found that the addition of Ru to Pd/C can decrease the lattice parameter of Pd (fcc) crystal. The electrocatalytic activities of the catalysts are evaluated in sulfuric acid solution containing 1 M formic acid using linear sweeping voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that Pd₅Ru₁/C displays the best electrocatalytic performance among all catalysts for formic acid electrooxidation.     

A small change in molecular structure, a big difference in the AIEE mechanism

An anthracene carboxamide derivative of the excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer compound of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole has been newly developed to produce the prominent characteristics of aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) with a high solid-state fluorescence quantum efficiency of 78.1%. Compared with our previously reported phenyl carboxamide derivatives, a small tailoring of the molecular structure was found to result in a big difference in the dominant factor of the AIEE mechanism. In the phenyl carboxamide derivatives, the dominant factor of the AIEE mechanism is the restriction of the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) of the enol excited state, regardless of their different aggregation modes. In the anthracene carboxamide derivative, N-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl) anthracene-9-carboxamide, the AIEE characteristics are not dependent on the restriction of TICT, but mainly attributed to the cooperative effects of J-aggregation and the restriction of the cis-trans tautomerization in the keto excited state. A specific N···π interaction was found to be the main driving force for this J-aggregation, as revealed by the single crystal analysis. The AIEE mechanism of this anthracene carboxamide derivative was studied in detail through photophysical investigations and theoretical calculations. On the basis of its AIEE characteristics, a stable non-doped organic light-emitting diode was achieved, with high color purity and a remarkably low efficiency roll-off.     

两个Fe(II)配合物的合成、结构、磁性和穆斯堡尔谱 —— 配合物[Fe(dpq)(Mepy)2(NCS)2]的室温自旋交叉行为

设计制备了两个新的配合物[Fe(dpq)(Mepy)2(NCS)2](1)和[Fe(Medpq)(Mepy)2 (NCS)2](2)。室温下X衍射结果表明配合物（2）为正交晶系,晶胞参数为a = 15.057(3) Å, b = 14.569(3) Å, c = 13.180(3) Å, a = 90.00°, b=90.00°, g = 90.00°。[FeN6] 变型八面体构型中,两个NCS-与其顺式配位,其余四个氮分别来自Medpq和两个Mepy。变温磁化率和穆斯堡尔谱学的研究表明配合物（1）（2）存在自旋交叉,配合物（1）的自旋转换温度为 T1/2 =340K,而配合物（2）在低温条件下的转换是不完全的。     

CaZr1-xFexO3催化热解甘蔗渣木质素制备酚类化合物

采用固相反应法制备了一系列钙钛矿型混合离子电子导体CaZr_1-xFe_xO₃(CZFO-x, x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0). 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其晶型、 形貌和金属赋存价态进行了表征. 采用热重分析仪(TG)测试了其催化苷蔗渣木质素(BL)热解性能, 并采用固定床微型反应器对其催化热解BL制备酚类化合物性能进行了评价, 利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)对BL催化热解的气相和液相产物进行分析. 研究结果表明, CZFO-x呈粒状或层状致密结构, 随着Fe掺杂量的增加, 其特征衍射峰强度增大, 且衍射峰位置向大角度偏移, 晶胞体积及晶粒尺寸减小. 固定床反应结果显示, 在CaZr_0.8Fe_0.2O₃(CZFO-0.2)催化下, BL热解液相产物收率可达23.71%, 其中酚类化合物主要包括苯酚类、 愈创木基类、 邻苯二酚类和紫丁香基类, 其选择性分别为35.19%, 6.18%, 10.68%和14.21%, 其余产物为苯类和甲氧基芳香化合物. 反应后催化剂经氧化再生后, 仍然具有较高的催化活性和结构稳定性. 对BL催化热解气体产物进行分析发现, CZFO-0.2促进了芳香烃烷基侧链的断裂, 致使气相产物组成中C_mH_n和CH₄含量增加.     

窄分布支化结构稀土顺丁橡胶的性能

利用稀土钕催化体系合成窄相对分子质量分布的顺丁橡胶(NMWD-NdBR),研究了NMWD-NdBR的结构和性能,并与宽相对分子质量分布的稀土顺丁橡胶(WMWD-NdBR)进行对比。 结果表明,相同温度转速条件下NMWD-NdBR表现更为优异的流变行为;NMWD-NdBR与WMWD-NdBR相比,焦烧时间和硫化时间基本相似,但最小转矩(M_L)降低,最大转矩(M_H)提高,表现为更好的加工行为和更佳的物理机械性能;橡胶加工分析仪测试的数据可知,同样配方和加工工艺条件下,NMWD-NdBR具有与WMWD-NdBR相似的Payne效应和更低的滞后损失(tanδ),tanδ与碳黑分散性以及滚动阻力吻合性良好。     

A fluorescent Eu(Ⅲ) MOF for highly selective and sensitive sensing of picric acid

A metal-organic framework [Eu_3L_3(CH_3COO)_2(H_2O)_2(μ_3-OH)]·3 DMF,(EuL, H_2L=9H-carbazole-2,7-dicarboxylic acid,DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide) has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. In EuL,Eu_6O_8 clusters are four-bridged by carboxylates to form parallel-aligned Eu–O–C chains, which are further linked by the carbazole moieties of L~(2-) ligands to form the three-dimensional framework with rhombic channels. The EuL material with characteristic emission of Eu~(3+) ion exhibits significant luminescence quenching response for picric acid(PA) and the linear Stern-Volmer plot was observed in the concentration range of 0.05–0.15 mM with K_(sv) of 98074 M~(-1). As far as we know, this Ksv is among the highest values for COFs and MOFs in detection of PA. The excellent anti-interference ability and repeatability were also verified by experiments. Lastly, we investigated the luminescence quenching mechanism in the EuL sensing system.     

Ladder‐Type Nonacyclic Arene Bis(thieno[3,2‐b]thieno)cyclopentafluorene as a Promising Building Block for Non‐Fullerene Acceptors

The ladder‐type nonacyclic arene (bis(thieno[3,2‐b]thieno)cyclopentafluorene (BTTF)) has been designed and synthesized through fusing thienothiophenes with the fluorene core from the synthon of dimethyl 9,9‐dioctyl‐2,7‐bis(thieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐2‐yl)fluorene‐3,6‐dicarboxylate. With BTTF as the central donor unit, a novel acceptor–donor–acceptor (A‐D‐A) type non‐fullerene small‐molecule acceptor ( BTTFIC ) was prepared with 1,1‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐indanones (IC) as the peripheral acceptor units. The energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of BTTFIC locate at ?5.56 and ?3.95 eV, respectively, presenting a low optical band gap of 1.58 eV. Encouragingly, polymer solar cells based on the blends of BTTFIC with both the representative wide‐ and low‐bandgap polymer donors (PBDB‐T, 1.82 eV. PTB7‐Th, 1.58 eV) offer power conversion efficiencies over 8 % (8.78±0.18 % for PBDB‐T: BTTFIC and 8.18±0.29 % for PTB7‐Th: BTTFIC ). These results highlight the advantage of ladder‐type BTTF on the preparation of nonfullerene acceptors with extended conjugated backbones.     

The Second Spacer Cation Assisted Growth of a 2D Perovskite Film with Oriented Large Grain for Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

The fabrication of high‐quality film with large grains oriented along the direction of film thickness is important for 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite‐based solar cells (PVSCs). High‐quality 2D BA₂MA_n?1Pb_nI_3n+1 (BA⁺=butylammonium, MA⁺=methylammonium, n=5) perovskite films were fabricated with a grain size of over 1 μm and preferential orientation growth by introducing a second spacer cation (SSC⁺) into the precursor solution. Dynamic light scattering showed that SSC⁺ addition can induce aggregation in the precursor solution. The precursor aggregates are favorable for the formation of large crystal grains by inducing nucleation and decreasing the nucleation sites. Applying phenylethylammonium as SSC⁺, the optimized inverted planar PVSCs presented a maximum PCE of 14.09 %, which is the highest value of the 2D BA₂MA_n?1Pb_nI_3n+1 (n=5) PVSCs. The unsealed device shows good moisture stability by maintaining around 90 % of its initially efficiency after 1000 h exposure to air (Hr=25±5 %).     

Ranking the spreading influence of nodes in complex networks: An extended weighted degree centrality based on a remaining minimum degree decomposition

Ranking the spreading influence of nodes is crucial for developing strategies to control the spreading process on complex networks. In this letter, we define, for the first time, a remaining minimum degree (RMD) decomposition by removing the node(s) with the minimum degree iteratively. Based on the RMD decomposition, a weighted degree (WD) is presented by utilizing the RMD indices of the nearest neighbors of a node. WD assigns a weight to each degree of this node, which can distinguish the contribution of each degree to the spreading influence. Further, an extended weighted degree (EWD) centrality is proposed by extending the WD of the nearest neighbors of a node. Assuming that the spreading process on networks follows the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model, we perform extensive experiments on a series of synthetic and real networks to comprehensively evaluate the performance of EWD and other eleven representative measures. The experimental results show that EWD is a relatively efficient measure in running efficiency, it exposes an advantage in accuracy in the networks with a relatively small degree heterogeneity, as well as exposes a competitive performance in resolution.