Adaptive output feedback asymptotic stabilization of nonholonomic systems with uncertainties

A global adaptive output feedback control strategy is presented for a class of nonholonomic systems in generalized chained form with drift nonlinearity and unknown virtual control parameters. The purpose is to design a nonlinear output feedback switching controller such that the closed-loop system is globally asymptotically stable. By using the input-state scaling technique and an integrator back-stepping approach, an output feedback controller is given. A filter of observer gain is introduced for state and parameter estimates. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the over-parameters, a tuning function technique is utilized. A novel switching control strategy based on the output measurement of the first subsystem rather than time is used to overcome the uncontrollability of the x₀-subsystem in the origin. The proposed controller can guarantee that all the system states globally converge to the origin, while other signals maintain bounded. The numerical simulation testifies the effectiveness.     

非绝热分子动力学模拟A位阳离子对钙钛矿热载流子弛豫的影响

钙钛矿具有优异的光学和电学性质, 近年来成为太阳能电池领域的研究热点. 大量实验报道钙钛矿热载流子弛豫时间变化顺序为CsPbBr₃>MAPbBr₃(MA=CH₃NH₃)>FAPbBr₃[FA=HC(NH₂)₂], 但A位阳离子(Cs ⁺, MA ⁺, FA ⁺)对弛豫快慢的影响机制仍不明确. 采用基于含时密度泛函理论的非绝热动力学方法研究了上述3种钙钛矿热电子和热空穴的能量弛豫动力学, 计算得到的热载流子弛豫时间与实验结果吻合. 结果表明, A位阳离子通过静电和氢键作用影响其与无机Pb—Br骨架的电子-振动耦合, 使非绝热耦合强度遵从FAPbBr₃>MAPbBr₃>CsPbBr₃的变化趋势, 进而使热载流子弛豫时间尺度变化趋势与之相同, 表明合理选择A位阳离子可以优化钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能.     

环丁酮光化学反应中S1/T1/S0交叉点的重要作用

势能面间的交叉在光化学反应中起着重要的作用 ,是由激发态反应物到基态产物发生无辐射跃迁的机制 .在本文中 ,我们用 CASSCF和态平均 CASSCF方法分别对环丁酮光化学反应的势能剖面及 S1,T1和 S0三个势能面间交叉进行了研究 .结果发现 ,基态和三态产物的形成是通过 S1,T1和 S0三个势能面交叉于同一区域 (称为 S1/T1/S0交叉点 )这一有效途径完成的 .　　60年代末 ,实验 [1－ 9]发现环丁酮和其它烷基酮 ,如丙酮、环戊酮的光化学反应机理很不一致 .主要体现在 ,i)环丁酮 (n,π态 )的α解离发生在 S1态势能面上 ,而其它烷基酮 (n,π态 …