光纤光栅腐蚀传感器

提出了一种测量钢筋腐蚀的新型传感器.这种传感器将光纤光栅拉伸后固定在圆形钢筋的表面，在钢筋被腐蚀后，光纤光栅所受到的拉伸应变将被释放，光纤光栅的反射光波长发生变化，通过测量光纤光栅的波长就可以测得钢筋腐蚀程度.这种传感器测量准确度优于±0.1 μm，测量范围约12 μm，可用于混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀的早期监测.     

A switching-based Moving Target Defense against sensor attacks in control systems

Moving Target Defense (MTD) prevents adversaries from being able to predict the effect of their attacks by adding uncertainty in the state of a system during runtime. In this paper, we present an MTD algorithm that randomly changes the availability of the sensor data, so that it is difficult for adversaries to tailor stealthy attacks while, at the same time, minimizing the impact of false-data injection attacks. Using tools from the design of state estimators, namely, observers, and switched systems, we formulate an optimization problem to find the probability of the switching signals that increase the visibility of stealthy attacks while decreasing the deviation caused by false data injection attacks. We show that the proposed MTD algorithm can be designed to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system with desired performance. In addition, we formulate an optimization problem for the design of the parameters so as to minimize the impact of the attacks. The results are illustrated in two case studies, one about a generic linear time-invariant system and another about a vehicular platooning problem.     

Simultaneous Titration of Ternary Mixtures of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) with Potentiometric Electronic Tongue Detection

An automatic titration method is reported to resolve ternary mixtures of transition metals (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺) employing electronic tongue detection and a reduced number of pre‐defined additions of EDTA titrant. Sensors used were PVC membrane selective electrodes with generic response to heavy‐metals, plus an artificial neural network response model. Detection limits obtained were ca. 1 mg L^?1 for the three target ions and reproducibilities 3.0 % for Pb²⁺, 4.1 % for Cd²⁺ and 5.2 % for Cu²⁺. The system was applied to contaminated soil samples and high accuracy was obtained for the determination of Pb²⁺. In the determination Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺, sample matrix showed a significant effect.     

Electrocatalytic Determination of Hydroxylamine in the Presence of Thiosulfate in Water and Wastewater Samples Using a Nanostructure Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

In this research, we report the preparation of a high sensitive voltammetric sensor for electrocatalytic determination of hydroxylamine (HX) in the presence of thiosulfate (TS). We describe the synthesis and characterization of CdO nanoparticles (CdO/NPs) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. At an optimum condition, the two peaks are separated ca. 0.58 and 0.92 V for HX and TS at the surface of the proposed sensor. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) of HX exhibited two linear dynamic ranges with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.06 µmol L^?1. The propose sensor was used for determination of HX in water samples.     

Construction of a Novel Carbon Paste Clarithromycin Sensor for Low Level Concentration Measurement,Applications to Pharmaceutical and Biological Analysis

A potentiometric carbon paste sensor was fabricated for determination of clarithromycin based on incorporation of the ion association complex of the clarithromycin‐phosphotungstate. The proposed sensor exhibited a Nernstian slope of 59.2±0.3 mV per decade for clarithromycin over a wide concentration range of 7.4×10^?7 to 1.5×10^?3 M, with a low detection limit of 5.0×10^?7 M. The proposed sensor manifested advantages of very fast response, long life time and, most importantly, excellent selectivity for clarithromycin relative to a wide variety of common foreign inorganic cation, and also biological species. The sensor was successfully applied to determine clarithromycin in clarithromycin tablet, blood serum and urine samples. The inclusion complex formation between β‐cyclodextrin and clarithromycin was studied by the proposed sensor. The influence of the temperature on the response of the sensor was investigated and the temperature coefficient of the sensor was calculated.     

Molecular beacon mediated circular strand displacement strategy for constructing a ratiometric electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid sensor

A novel ratiometric electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) had been developed based on signal-on and signal-off strategy. The target DNA hybridized with the loop portion of ferrocene (Fc) labeled hairpin probe immobilized on the gold electrode (GE), the Fc away from the surface of GE and the methylene blue (MB) was attached to an electrode surface by hybridization between hairpin probe and MB labeled primer. Such conformational changes resulted in the oxidation peak current of Fc decreased and that of MB increased, and the changes of dual signals are linear with the concentration of DNA. Furthermore, with the help of strand-displacement polymerization, polymerase catalyzed the extension of the primer and the sequential displacement of the target DNA, which led to the release of target and another polymerization cycle. Thus the circular strand displacement produced the multiplication of the MB confined near the GE surface and Fc got away from the GE surface. Therefore, the recognition of target DNA resulted in both the “signal-off” of Fc and the “signal-on” of MB for dual-signal electrochemical ratiometric readout. The dual signal strategy offered a dramatic enhancement of the stripping response. The dynamic range of the target DNA detection was from 10⁻¹³ to 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ with a detection limit down to 28 fM level. Compared with the single signaling electrochemical sensor, the dual-signaling electrochemical sensing strategy developed in this paper was more selective. It would have important applications in the sensitive and selective electrochemical determination of other small molecules and proteins.     

电氧化异丙肾上腺素的纳米复合电催化剂：用作传感器

在金纳米粒子(AuNPs)上经苯硫酚衍生物(3,4二羟基苯基-偶氮-苯硫酚, DAT)自组装制得了一种新型纳米复合物,用于修饰玻璃碳电极(GCE/AuNP-DAT).采用循环伏安法研究了该新型电极的性质,并将其用作异丙肾上腺素(IP)电催化剂,考察了该纳米复合物的电催化活性,从而得到反应机理和催化反应速率常数.由于GCE/AuNP-DAT电极对尿酸氧化没有电催化活性,因此可将IP的氧化信号从该改进电极中分离出来,从而排除了尿酸对IP测定的干扰.该电极可作为传感器,当用于差动脉冲伏安法测定IP时,线性动态范围为1.0–1500.0μmol/L,检测极限为0.46μmol/L.     

Sensing behavior of BN nanosheet toward nitrous oxide: A DFT study

In order to develop a sensor for the detection of toxic N₂O molecules, the interaction of pristine and Aldoped BN nanosheets with an N₂O molecule was investigated using density functional theory calculations. It was found that unlike the pristine sheet, the Al-doped sheet can effectively interact with the N₂O molecule so that its electronic properties and conductivity are dramatically changed. Webelieve that replacing a B atom of the BN sheet with an Al atom may be a good strategy for improving the sensitivity of these nanosheets toward N₂O, which cannot be trapped and detected by the pristine sheet.     

A Rhodamine-based fluorescent sensor for chromium ions and its application in bioimaging

A rhodamine-based sensor (1) has been developed for the detection of chromium ions. Cr³⁺-induced opening of the rhodamine spirocycle in sensor (1) led to the distinct colorimetric and fluorescence responses. Among all the tested ions, only Cr³⁺ generated a significant fluorescence enhancement of up to 13-fold, which indicated the high selectivity of 1. Sensor (1) was successfully applied in the in vivo fluorescence imaging of Cr³⁺ in C. elegans. The results provided solid evidences for the future estimation of Cr³⁺ in environmental applications and tobacco samples.     

基于Ru(bpy)32+/AuNPs/Nafion电化学发光传感器检测已烯雌酚

利用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸制得金纳米粒子(AuNPs),基于AuNPs/Nafion与Ru(bpy)32+之间的静电引力,制备了Ru (bpy) 32+/AuNPs/Nafion电化学发光传感器.采用循环伏安法和电化学发光法对该传感器进行了表征,结果表明该传感器具有良好的稳定性和重现性,可实现对已烯雌酚的检测.在pH=7.0的0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS,含0.05 mol/L三正丙胺)中,当已烯雌酚与修饰电极作用15 min时,电化学发光强度减少值与已烯雌酚浓度的负对数在1.0×10-10～5.0×10-7 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为6.0 X 10-11 mol/L.对1.0×10-8 mol/L已烯雌酚平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为2.7％.测定已烯雌酚实际样品的加标回收率在98.0％～104.5％之间.