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71.
72.
In trihydrated lanthanum acid-diphosphates LnHP2O7·3H2O, prepared from acid LnCl3 and Na4P2O7 solutions (pH=1), two crystal forms were obtained. Layered structures of two representative members of this family have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. In the case of orthorhombic LaHP2O7·3H2O (type I), lanthanum cations are ninefold coordinated and diphosphate groups adopt a staggered (alternated) configuration. In the case of triclinic ErHP2O7·3H2O (type II), erbium cations are eightfold coordinated and diphosphate groups adopt an eclipsed configuration. In agreement with Infrared (IR) spectroscopic data, a bended configuration for diphosphate groups has been deduced. In both structures, one-dimensional chains of edge-sharing rare-earth polyhedra are linked together by diphosphate groups to form the phosphate layers. In both diphosphates, PO4 and HPO4 environments have been identified by 31P MAS-NMR technique. In the two compounds, OH groups of HPO4 tetrahedra point out of diphosphate planes interacting with adjacent layers. In La-diphosphate, the interaction between HPO4 groups and water molecules of adjacent layers is favored; however, in Er-diphosphate, the interaction between phosphate acid groups of contiguous layers is produced. Based on structural information deduced, differences detected in IR and NMR spectra of two disphosphates are discussed. 相似文献
73.
《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2013,52(3-4):867-874
At high supercoolings, isotactic polystyrene and polybutene-1 have a rounded crystal shape, suggesting kinetic roughening. Still, the growth rates of these polymer crystals show the supercooling dependence derived for nucleation controlled growth. On the other hand, isotactic poly-4-methylpentene-1 1,4 trans-polybutadiene at higher crystallization temperatures and polyethylene at high pressures show a rounded crystal shape: thermal roughening. Again, the growth rate is described by the nucleation theory. On the basis of these observations, we propose a crystallization kinetics taking account of the entropic barrier that was originally proposed by Sadler. 相似文献
74.
利用偏光显微镜(POM)、小角X射线散射(SAXS)及傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱技术研究了嵌段共聚物PluronicL64(PEO13PPO30PEO13)(PEO:聚氧乙烯;PPO:聚氧丙烯)在室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐[Bmim][BF4]中的聚集行为.绘制了L64/[Bmim][BF4]体系的相图,当L64浓度介于40%-65%(w,质量分数)之间时,L64可与[Bmim][BF4]形成层状液晶.SAXS结果表明,液晶层间距随L64浓度的增加而降低.温度对液晶微结构影响较大,液晶层间距随温度的升高而增大,极性头截面积则减小.并且,在一定温度范围内,升温可使体系的有序性增强.但是,随温度的进一步升高,[Bmim][BF4]与PEO链段之间的氢键被破坏,双折射现象消失,液晶有序性降低.此外,分析了层状液晶的形成机理,[Bmim][BF4]与L64分子间的氢键作用力、静电作用力以及疏溶剂力是液晶形成的驱动力. 相似文献
75.
We study the shear effect on the lamellar structure of surfactants in water using dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Starting from a lamellar structure without shear flow, we increase the shear rate and then decrease it stepwisely. A weak shear changes the lamellar plane to be parallel to the shear direction though the lamellar normal has no specific direction on the plane normal to the shear direction. By increasing the shear rate, the lamellar normal eventually flips to the vorticity direction regardless of the initial configuration. Lamellar normal would stay along the vorticity direction on decreasing the shear rate. The hysteresis is also found in shear-stress. By varying the shear rate, the time needed to reach the final unique state is significantly shortened compared with that observed with a constant shear rate. We find a correlation between the excess shear-stress and the tilt angle of surfactant in lamellar. 相似文献
76.
Emmanuel Ibarboure 《European Polymer Journal》2010,46(5):891-899
We describe the self-assembly of A-B-A triblock copolymers in thin films composed of a soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) central block (B) and two polypeptidic (A) blocks, poly(γ-benzyl)-l-glutamate (PBLG). The PBLG segment exhibits depending on the chain length two distinct secondary conformations either a β-sheet or a α-helical conformation. The direct relationship between the surface morphology and the secondary conformation of the polypeptide segment has been evidenced by atomic force microscopy. For chain lengths below 20 U the polypeptide segments adopt preferentially a β-sheet secondary structure and the triblock copolymer self-assembled in fibers. Moreover, the fiber diameters increased with the chain length of the triblock copolymer. For chain lengths above 20, the α-helical structure is stabilized and a lamellar morphology is formed driven by rod-rod interactions in spite of the very asymmetric composition of the triblock copolymer. However, decreasing the film thickness from 25 to 8 nm, i.e., below the L/2 and due to the preferential attraction of the polypeptide block for the hydrophilic substrate employed, instead of a lamellar morphology a rod-like morphology could be found. Thus, the use of hybrid block copolymer containing polypeptides with particular secondary structures offers novel alternatives to control the self-assembly in thin films compared to traditional amorphous block copolymers. 相似文献
77.
采用示差扫描量热(DSC)与同步辐射小角X射线散射(SR-SAXS)技术分别研究了聚己内酯(PCL)的等温与非等温结晶动力学及等温结晶过程中PCL片层结构的变化. 在等温结晶过程中, Avrami指数n≈3, 表明PCL以异相成核的三维球晶方式生长. 同时计算了折叠链表面自由能等结晶动力学参数. 在非等温结晶的过程中, Avrami指数n≈4, 表明PCL以均相成核的三维球晶方式生长. 同步辐射小角X射线散射数据分析表明, 在等温结晶过程中, 长周期与非晶层的平均厚度随着结晶时间的增加会经历先减小后几乎不变的过程, 而结晶层的平均厚度不随结晶时间变化而变化. 同时随着结晶温度的升高, 长周期、结晶层厚度与非晶层厚度等片层结构参数均增加. 相似文献
78.
Maurice Kleman 《Pramana》1999,53(1):107-119
We report on the physical properties of swollen solutions of the amphiphilic molecules of cetylpyridinium chloride and hexanol
in brine. A remarkable characteristic of this system is the existence of a crossover between dilute and less dilute solutions,
in the lamellar phase and the sponge phase, with some interesting consequences for the theory of membranes. 相似文献
79.
Rahul Rama Hegde Sugam Kumar Vinod K. Aswal Anurag Verma Shiv Sankar Bhattacharya Amitava Ghosh 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2014,35(6):783-788
The structure of micelles formed by a four component water-in-oil nonionic microemulsion surfactant polyoxyethene (20) sorbitan monoleate (Tween 80), sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) at ethyl oleate and deuterated water interface have been probed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The total surfactant concentration in each of the samples studied (Tween 80: Span 20) is fixed at 3:2. The deuterated water content is variable at 5–60% w/w. The experimental SANS data from all the seven samples are fit well by spherical micelles interacting with hard sphere potential. Increased deuterated water leads to spherical to lamellar and rod-like micelle geometry featured in the SANS scattering data. The observed change in micelle geometry supports the characterization of phase transition between the self-assembled micelles of the nonionic microemulsion. 相似文献
80.
J. Mu X. S. Feng J. Y. Li K.Z. Yang T. F. Chen L. Jiang 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(3):243-249
Dispersion characteristics of the monomolecular films of hematoporphyrin mixed with stearic acid has been studied. The average molecular areas of mixed monolayers coincided approximately with the ideal additivity rule when the“solid” films were extrapolated to zero surface pressure. The orientation of the macrocycles was given by infrared dichroism with the tilting angle of 10. 1° to the plane of the film. The SERS of LB films deposited on silver island films was observed- The results showed that there are two possible contribution, i. e., electromagnetic and chemical interaction between the hematoporphyrin molecules and Ag island films. 相似文献