In-beam and decay spectroscopy of transfermium nuclei

In recent years the body of experimental data on nuclei with masses A?250 has increased dramatically. Nuclei that had been out of reach for experimental studies have now become available for study through a variety of approaches, both with in-beam spectroscopic methods and through spectroscopy following the decay of isomeric states or alpha decays at the focal plane of powerful separators. This article aims to collect the currently available experimental data on nuclei between Cm (Z=96) and Db (Z=105). The review of this data builds on the evaluations in the literature and focusses on those datasets obtained most recently.     

也谈立体化学相关问题及概念解析

简述了国内外有机化学教材中关于立体化学的安排顺序及内容,指出立体化学教学的重要性。对于立体异构体的分类方法提出不同的观点,阐述立体结构的范畴,强调结构与性质的关系等。最后,浅谈教好、学好有机立体化学的方法与体会。     

原位氮掺杂石墨烯修饰电极同时检测苯二酚3种异构体

利用多巴胺的聚合及还原特性,制备聚多巴胺包覆还原氧化石墨烯,在氮气保护下煅烧,制得氮原位掺杂石墨烯(C/N-Graphene)。应用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱表征该复合物的形貌和结构。应用滴涂及Nafion膜固定法制备C/N-Graphene修饰玻碳电极(C/N-Graphene/GCE)。该修饰电极对苯二酚3种异构体的氧化反应表现出优异的电催化性能和选择性,差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)峰电流与对苯二酚(HQ)、邻苯二酚(CC)、间苯二酚(RC)的浓度呈良好的线性关系,其线性范围分别为0.5~1 000μmol/L、0.5~460μmol/L和0.1~580μmol/L,检出限分别为0.251μmol/L、0.144μmol/L和0.072μmol/L。该方法应用于药厂废水和江水检测,3种苯二酚异构体回收率为97.0%~103.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%(n=5),结果表明C/N-Graphene/GCE修饰电极适用于污染水样的快速检测。     

人参皂苷Rg3的拉曼光谱研究

人参皂苷是人参的有效化学成分,其中人参皂苷Rg3因具有显著的生理活性而备受关注。运用拉曼光谱的方法,对人参皂苷Rg3的两种异构体20-(R)-Rg3和20-(S)-Rg3进行了测量和分析。因20位羟基空间位置不同,20-(R)- Rg3与20-(S)- Rg3相比,归属于亚甲基的振动峰发生了明显的变化,表明两种异构体的堆积方式不同。归属于CC振动的1 674 cm-1峰的强度明显降低,表明在20-(S)-Rg3中,C₂₇和C₂₈较20-(R)-Rg3处于分子内部。对比拉曼光谱还发现,这一对异构体中糖环的空间结构基本相同。两种异构体拉曼光谱的明显差异,使得拉曼光谱技术成为鉴别人参皂苷Rg3异构体的一种快速、简便的分析方法。     

Identification of monoacylglycerol regio-isomers by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) are lipids found in trace amounts in plants and animal tissues. While they are widely used in various industrial applications, accurate determination of the regio-specific distribution is hindered by the lack of stable, commercially available standards. Indeed, unsaturated β-MAG (or Sn-2 MAG) readily undergoes isomerization into α-MAG (acyl chain is attached to the Sn-1 or the Sn-3 position). In the present study, we describe structural elucidation of α- and β-regio-isomers of monopalmitoyl-glycerol (MAG C16:0) as model compounds in their silylated forms using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with electronic impact (EI) ionization. MS fragmentation of α-MAG C16:0 is characterized by the loss of methylene(trimethylsilyl)oxonium (103 amu) and the consecutive loss of acyl chain yielding a fragment ion at m/z 205. The fragmentation pattern of β-MAG C16:0 shows a series of diagnostic fragments at m/z 218, 203, 191 and 103 that are not formed from the α-isomer and hereby enable reliable distinction of these regio-isomers. Possible fragmentation scenarios are postulated to explain the formation of these marker ions, which were also applied to characterize the regio-isomer composition of a complex mixture of MAG sample containing n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.     

Thiol-ene coupling of 1,2-disubstituted alkene monomers: The kinetic effect of cis/trans-isomer structures

The free-radical induced reaction between a tri-functional thiol (2-ethyl-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol trimercapto propionate) and two 1,2-disubstituted alkenes (methyl oleate and methyl elaidate) has been investigated under photochemical conditions. The photoreaction was monitored via time-resolved FTIR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy to provide insights about the kinetics and efficiency in end-product formation. The information collected was subjected to numerical modelling using the GEPASI software using pre-established literature values for the rate coefficients in order to verify the proposed reaction scheme. The results confirm the thiol-ene reaction mechanism showing a very fast cis/trans-isomerization (<1.0 min) when compared with the total disappearance of unsaturations, indicating that the rate-limiting step controlling the reaction is the hydrogen transfer from the thiol involved in the formation of product. High thiol-ene conversions can be obtained at reasonable rates without major influence of side-reactions when performed in bulk indicating that this reaction is suitable for network forming purposes with monounsaturated fatty acid methyl esters derivatives. The kinetic and mechanistic information collected provides a basis for the design of new thiol-ene systems aiming at material and coating applications.     

First Observation of a Composition-Controlled Low-Moment/High-Moment Transition in the Fcc Fe-Ni System: Implications Regarding Invar and Anti-Invar Behaviors

We report the first direct observation of a high-moment (HM)/low-moment (LM) transition occurring in face centered cubic (FCC) Fe-Ni alloys. 57 Fe Mössbauer isomer shifts (ISs) give local electronic densities that exhibit a large discontinuity of , 0.4 el./ $ a_{0}^3 $ at the transition that spans the concentration range ～ 65-75 apc (atomic percent) Fe, in agreement with ab initio predictions. In the most Fe-rich alloys that have LM ground states (including n -Fe), we show that thermal stabilization of the HM state occurs at high temperatures, thereby providing an experimental proof that anti-Invar behavior is due to such HM stabilization. In Invar (Fe 65 Ni 35 ) and at near-Invar compositions, we observe temperature-induced changes in electronic density that follow the spontaneous magnetization curves and find that Invar is predominantly a HM phase at all temperatures where an Invar effect occurs. We show that LM phase thermal excitation cannot cause the Invar effect and that such excitation would cause a contraction instead of the required expansion, relative to normal behavior.     

合成抗孕酮新药RU-486中间体3,3-乙撑二氧-5α,10α及5β,10β-环氧-Δ~(9(11))-雌烯-17α(1-丙炔基)-17β-羟基的~1H和~(13)C NMR谱线全归属

用１Ｄ及２ＤＮＭＲ技术（ＣＯＳＹ，ＴＯＣＳＹ，ＨＭＱＣ及ＨＭＢＣ）归属了合成抗孕酮新药ＲＵ－４８６中间体３，３乙撑二氧５α，１０α及５β，１０β环氧－Δ９（１１），雌烯１７α（１－丙炔基）１７β羟基的１Ｈ和１３ＣＮＭＲ谱线．     

一种新的C32异构体

我们构造出一种新的类笼形C32异构体, 不包含五边形和六边形结构,具有D2h对称性.采用密度泛函理论DFT的rb3lyp方法在6-31G(d)基组水平上进行了相关计算 .计算结果表明它是一种稳定的构型.     

α-K_3H_4[SiW_9Al_3(H_2O)_3O_(37)]·7H_2O的晶体结构

三取代杂多化合物的母体XM_9是由Keggin结构阴离子XM_(12)衍生而来.它有2种异构体:从XM_(12)中移出1个M_3O_(13)基团得B型异构体;从XM_(12)中的3个M_3O_(13)中各移出1个MO_6后得到A型异构体.Hervé等人曾指出α-和β-SiW_9均为B型结构,但Robert等在测定β-Na_9H(SiW_9O_(34))·23H_2O的晶体结构时发现,β-SiW_9为A型结构,α-SiW_9结构类型尚未定论,由于2种构型阴离子的配位能力及聚合能力不同,确定其结构类型及其变化情况是十分必要的,本文由α-SiW_9合成了α-K_3H_4[SiW_9A1_3(H_2O)_3O_(37)],用X射线衍射法测定了其晶体结构。