Construction and application of an electrochemical sensor based on graphene-MXene nanocomposites for baicalin detectionEI北大核心CSCD

Redox graphene-MXene(rGO-MXene) nanocomposites were prepared by ion polymerization and used to construct a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for baicalin(BA) detection. The synergistic effect of rGO and MXene increased the specific surface area and electron transport capacity of the electrode, and significantly enhanced the electrochemical response of BA. The cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of BA on the sensor. Under the optimal conditions, the peak current exhibited a good linear relationship with BA concentration in the range of 0. 05-10 μmol / L, and the limit of detection was as low as 28 nmol / L. The method was applied to analyze traditional Chinese medicine preparations containing baicalin, such as Qingkailing Capsule and Sanhuang Tablets with good accuracy and spiked recovery. The results were highly consistent with those of high performance liquid chromatography, providing a technical means for the rapid and sensitive detection of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. © 2022, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

ZnO-ZrO2催化剂上CO2辅助乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的研究(英文)

以焙烧商用氢氧化锆(Zr(OH)₄)得到的ZrO₂为载体,通过沉积-沉淀法制备了ZnO-ZrO₂催化剂,并在873 K下对该催化剂上CO₂辅助的乙烷氧化脱氢反应(CO₂-ODHE)的催化性能进行了评价。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)等技术对ZnO-ZrO₂催化剂的表面物理化学性质和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,在5%ZnO-ZrO₂催化剂上,ZnO掺入到了ZrO₂的表面晶格之中,在催化剂表面产生了高度分散的ZnO物种和氧缺陷区域。5%ZnO-ZrO₂催化剂可以选择性地剪裁乙烷C-H键,抑制C-C键的断裂,具备良好的催化性能。210μmol/(gcat·min)的C2H₄形成率可以与贵金属和过渡金属碳...     

非贵金属催化剂在羟甲基糠醛电氧化增值中的应用

羟甲基糠醛是呋喃类化合物,具有价格低廉及来源广泛的优点,可作为平台化合物用于制备其它高附加值产品.传统的热催化氧化增值方法需要高温、高压及贵金属催化剂,造成经济效益的下降.而电氧化方法不需要高温、高压条件;同时,通过对电催化剂的合理设计,非贵金属催化剂表面的羟甲基糠醛选择性转化已经得以实现,从而避免使用大量贵金属.因此,通过电氧化方法对羟甲基糠醛平台化合物进行高附加值转化受到了广泛关注.在羟甲基糠醛氧化的多种产物中,羟基和醛基被全部氧化为羧基的产物——2,5-呋喃二甲酸,被美国能源部列为“最具有价值的12种生物质衍生化学品”之一.鉴于此,本文介绍了羟甲基糠醛电氧化增值生产2,5-呋喃二甲酸的重要研究价值及相关非贵金属电催化剂的最新进展,并对催化羟甲基糠醛电氧化反应的非贵金属催化剂的发展前景进行了展望.     

Pt基催化剂在富丙烯气氛中选择性氢气氧化性能和结构演变规律（英文）

本工作研究了富丙烯气氛中Pt基催化剂的SHC性能和长期使用过程中活性相的演变规律。结果发现,Sn修饰的Pt/SiO₂催化剂在丙烷和丙烯同时存在的条件下具有高的氢气氧化选择性(大于98%)。通过动力学研究,稳定性测试和结构表征发现,氧气的引入能够显著提高催化剂的结焦速率,形成的高度石墨化的焦炭,Pt的烧结,PtSn合金中Sn的氧化和偏析是导致长期稳定性测试中选择性下降的主要因素。     

MnOx-CeO2催化剂的氯苯氧化性能及反应机理

研究了Mn/Ce摩尔比、反应温度、氧气和水对MnO_x-CeO₂催化剂催化氯苯氧化性能(活性、选择性和稳定性)的影响,并分析了其理化性能、作用过程和反应机理.结果表明,在含H₂O_gas和O₂(体积分数均为5%)条件下,Mn₂Ce₁O_x在100,200和300℃下分别取得了80.6%,86.8%和97.5%的氯苯转化率;反应温度和氧气含量的增加及水的存在均有利于提高催化活性和反应稳定性;MnO_x和CeO₂复合提高了比表面积(128.61 m²/g)、降低了孔径(6.17 nm)且增强了表面酸性(中酸和强酸位点)和氧化还原能力,价态电子交互循环过程(Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺←→—Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺)和氧循环作用(吸附氧←→—晶格氧)是催化反应...     

团簇Au/CeO2的制备及其催化CO氧化反应构效关系的研究

负载型Au催化剂因其在诸多反应过程中的高催化活性而备受研究者关注.然而针对负载型催化剂中Au物种结构的有效调控,以及催化过程中真实构-效关系的探索一直充满了挑战.用CeO₂为Au物种担载基底,通过简单煅烧处理引起的CeO₂结构变化,进而实现Au/CeO₂之间界面作用力的调控.此研究发现Au纳米颗粒中Au⁰物种具备更为高效的催化室温CO氧化活性,结合多种原位表征分析,其室温条件下催化转化效率更依赖于CO吸附能力.而相比于单原子Au₁和纳米Au颗粒,所制备的团簇Au/CeO₂催化剂在较高温度(>50℃)展现出优异的催化CO氧化反应性能.随着温度升高,催化剂表界面O参与的MvK反应路径更易发生,因此具有更多表界面活性O物种和Au^δ+位点的团簇Au/CeO₂催化剂展现出最为优异的催化CO氧化性能.这些发现为高效负载型Au催化剂的制备提供了新思路并深化了对Au/CeO₂催化作用机制的理解.     

CoFe2O4/CuO活化过氧乙酸高效降解磺胺甲恶唑(英文)

利用化学沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法,通过两步法成功制备出含有尖晶石钴铁氧体和氧化铜的复合催化剂CoFe₂O₄/CuO,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)对制备出的CoFe₂O₄/CuO进行表征,探究不同高级氧化体系对磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)去除能力,考察过氧乙酸(PAA)浓度、催化剂投加量、水体中常见干扰物质(Cl^-,HCO-3,SO₄^2-,HA)和不同自由基捕获剂对SMX去除的影响。分析结果表明CoFe₂O₄/CuO同时具有CoFe₂O₄与CuO的特征,对比单独CoFe₂O₄与CuO,CoFe₂O₄/CuO对PAA展现出极高的活化性能,在最佳反应条件下(催化剂投加量=20mg·L^-1,c(PAA)=200μ...     

CoMn@NC催化5-羟甲基糠醛常压氧化为2, 5-呋喃二甲酸二甲酯

Dimethyl furan-2, 5-dicarboxylate (DMFDCA) is a valuable biomass-derived chemical that is an ideal alternative to fossil-derived terephthalic acid as a monomer for polymers. The one-step oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to DMFDCA is of practical significance. It not only shortens the reaction pathway but also avoids the separation process of intermediates; thus, reducing cost. In this work, non-noble bimetallic catalysts supported on N-doped porous carbon (CoMn@NC) were synthesized via a one-step co-pyrolysis procedure using different pyrolysis temperatures and proportions of metal precursors and additives. We employed the prepared CoMn@NC catalysts in the aerobic oxidation of HMF under mild reaction conditions to obtain DMFDCA. High-yield DMFDCA was obtained by screening the prepared catalysts and optimizing the reaction conditions, including the strength and amount of the base, as well as the reaction temperature. The optimized yield of DMFDCA was 85% over the Co₃Mn₂@NC-800 catalyst after 12 h at 50 ℃ using ambient-pressure oxygen. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were determined using a variety of characterization techniques, the factors affecting the performance of each catalyst were investigated, and the relationship between the physicochemical properties and performance of the prepared catalysts was elucidated. A porous structure with a high surface area had a positive effect on mass transfer efficiency. Cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) and atomically dispersed Mn were coordinated to N-doped carbon to form M―N_x (where M = Co or Mn). Based on the Mott-Schottky effect, there was significant electron transfer between each metal and the N-doped carbon, additionally, the metal NPs supplied electrons to the carbon atoms. The electron-deficient metal site in the pyridinic N-rich carbon was beneficial for the activation of HMF and oxygen. The activation of oxygen produced reactive oxygen species (such as superoxide radical anions) to ensure high selectivity to DMFDCA through dehydrogenative oxidation of the hemiacetal intermediate and hydroxymethyl group of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-furoate. The existence of disordered and defective carbons increased the number of active sites. Subsequently, we performed a series of control experiments. Based on our current experimental results and previous studies, we propose a simple mechanism for the aerobic oxidation of HMF to DMFDCA. The catalyst was stable, its performance decreased slightly after two cycles, and it was tolerant to SCN⁻ ions and resistant against N or S poisoning. Furthermore, the use of this catalytic system can be expanded to various substituted aromatic alcohols, such as benzyl alcohols with different substituents, furfuryl alcohol, and heterocyclic alcohols. Simultaneously, the product type was further extended from methyl esters to ethyl esters with a high yield when the substrate reacted with ethanol. In conclusion, this catalytic system can be applied in the production of carboxylic esters for polymers.     

Rh@Pt内凹立方体核壳催化剂的制备及其乙醇电氧化性能

贵金属Rh基催化剂可有效催化乙醇中C―C键断裂,有利于实现乙醇完全电氧化,但Rh催化剂对乙醇电氧化的催化活性较低。本文通过种子介导生长法制备了具有内凹立方体形貌的Rh@Pt/C核壳催化剂,考察了不同Pt壳层厚度的Rh@Pt/C核壳催化剂在碱性介质中对乙醇电氧化反应(EOR)的催化性能。其中Rh@Pt_0.25/C核壳催化剂对EOR的质量归一化电流最高为520 mA/mg,此时面积归一化电流也最高,为0.16 mA/cm²。研究表明,Rh@Pt/C核壳催化剂中Rh和Pt之间的表面应变效应和电子配体效应取决于Rh表面Pt壳层的厚度,Pt壳层厚度的改变,可调控催化剂中Rh和Pt的协同作用,从而减弱毒性中间体对催化剂表面的吸附,优化催化剂对EOR的性能。总体上,Rh表面Pt壳层为3层的Rh@Pt_0.25/C核壳催化剂表现出最优的EOR活性和稳定性,此时催化剂也兼具了较优的抗毒化能力。     

介孔结构CeO2对丙酮的敏感响应研究

采用水热法一步合成制备了一种多面体介孔结构CeO₂,并用于有机挥发性气体的检测。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察形貌、尺寸和结构,X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析其晶体结构和化学成分,利用全自动气体吸附分析仪分析其孔径大小。结果表明：制备的CeO₂为多面体介孔结构,孔隙主要孔径小于4 nm。CeO₂传感器在240℃时响应最佳,对100 cm³/m³甲醇、甲醛、乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、乙二醇和二甲苯等气体的检测中,丙酮气体的响应值最高为550%,其对应的响应和恢复时间分别为16 s和4 s。该传感器在60 d内具有较高的稳定性,相对标准偏差值(RSD)为2.0%。