Reactions of alkynes with trisubstituted (Z)-bromoalkenyl-pinacolboronates towards the synthesis of 1,2,4,6-tetrasubstituted benzenes

Treatment of trisubstituted (Z)-bromoalkenyl-pinacolboronates with terminal alkynes in the presence of cuprous iodide, palladium(0) tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) and Hünig’s base leads to the formation of 1,2,4,6-tetrasubstituted aromatic compounds in a one-pot fashion. Substrate scope was shown for three trisubstituted (Z)-bromoalkenyl-pinacolboronates and four terminal alkynes.     

Microwave‐Assisted Aromatization of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted 2‐Pyrazolines by Bi(NO3)3 · 5H2O,as a Novel and Convenient Oxidizing Agent

Abstract

Bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO₃)₃?·?5H₂O, has been used as a mild, efficient, and inexpensive oxidant for the oxidative aromatization of several 1,3,5‐trisubstituted 2‐pyrazolines to pyrazoles in acetic acid under microwave irradiation with good to excellent yields.     

Ni改性Mo／HZSM－5催化剂上甲烷芳构化性能研究

Ｎｉ改性Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂上甲烷芳构化性能研究王冬杰，张一平，费金华，郑小明（杭州大学催化研究所，杭州，３１００２８）关键词甲烷，Ｍｏ－Ｎｉ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂，芳构化，芳烃由于甲烷氧化偶联和部分氧化遇到了转化率和选择性不易兼顾及甲烷深度氧化难...     

Aromatization of Hantzsch Ester 1,4‐Dihydropyridines with Iodine under Normal Conditions and Ultrasound Irradiation

A variety of Hantzsch ester 1,4‐dihydropyridines are efficiently oxidized to their corresponding pyridine compounds with iodine under normal conditions and ultrasound irradiation. The reactions were carried out in refluxing CH₃CN.     

New α-substituted alkylbenzene- and dialkylbenzene-1,2-diphosphonates: side-chain metalation of tetraethyl 4-methyl- and 4,5-dimethylbenzene-1,2-diphosphonates

Carbocyclic 1,2-diphosphonates (1a, 1b) are prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of classical donor alka-1,3-dienes (isoprene and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene) with tetraethyl acetylene bisphosphonate. Their aromatization by the KMnO₄-Al₂O₃ system affords 4-methyl and 4,5-dimethylbenzene-1,2-diphosphonates (2a, 2b), used as precursor for the generation of benzyl-type carbanions (3a, 3b) by lithiation with lithium isopropylamide in THF at −80 °C. The carbanions react with electrophilic reagents (chlorotrimethylsilane, p-fluorobenzaldehyde, and ethyl trifluoroacetate) in situ to form corresponding α-substituted monoalkyl- and dialkylbenzenediphosphonates in good yields.     

The first total synthesis of ligudentatin A

Ligudentatin A 1, a new phenolic norsesquiterpenes, was first synthesized starting from （＋）-perillaldehyde 3 through five steps, successively, in an overall yield of 20.8%. The key steps were the Diels-Alder reaction and aromatization of enone to phenol.     

Base Mediated Aromatization of Carbonyl Condensation Products Derived from 2‐(2‐Bromoprop‐2‐enyl)cyclohexanone Derivatives via ‘Intramolecular Unsaturation Transfer’

Alkylbenzenes are synthesized for the first time from aliphatic hydrocarbons via an one pot, transition metal‐free coupling approach under basic conditions. The method consists of two steps: condensation of 2‐bromoprop‐2‐enyl‐ or 2‐propargylcyclohexanone with alcohols, amines, or amino alcohols, followed by base treatment (Scheme 1). Phenolic ethers and N‐phenylated polyalkyl aromatic compounds are shown to be in the scope of the demonstrated reaction (Table). The proposed mechanism suggests that the unsaturation in another part of the molecule (propargyl‐group equivalent) is transferred into the cyclohexane ring to yield a benzene ring through a series of prototropic shifts.     

氯化酞菁铁（III）催化α,β-不饱和酮与水合肼氧化芳构化合成3,5-二取代1H吡唑

吡唑是含有两个相邻氮原子的五元杂环化合物,因其广泛而优良的生物活性而备受化学家关注。在过去几十年中,药物学和农药学领域对吡唑类衍生物进行了广泛研究。据文献报道,吡唑类衍生物具有镇痛、杀菌、消炎、抗抑郁、抗病毒、抗癌、减肥、降脂、降压和降糖等生物活性。不仅如此,吡唑化合物在有机化学中也非常有用,作为合成构件,在配位化学中被用作多功能配体,也在过渡金属交叉偶联反应和聚合反应中有所应用。近几年研究发现,吡唑类衍生物还可应用于紫外线稳定剂、含能材料和智能材料等领域。因此,探索简便高效的方法合成吡唑类化合物成为研究热点。目前合成吡唑环的方法很多,但多存在溶剂不环保、催化剂毒性大费用高、反应条件苛刻及产率低等缺点。
　　酞菁是一类具有18电子共轭二维平面芳香体系的大环化合物,与天然卟啉的结构极其相似。二者都易于利用光能进行光化学反应,环内有4个氮原子易与金属原子或离子配位形成金属配合物。研究表明,金属卟啉常作为氧化酶的活性位点而广泛存在于天然体系中,充当氧化还原反应的催化剂。因此,作为其类似物,金属酞菁被用作反应体系催化剂的研究成为热门。此外,金属酞菁具有高的热和化学稳定性,易于制备,无毒无味,可根据反应进行修饰改性等特点,非常适合用作催化剂。
　　考虑到金属酞菁在催化氧化反应上的良好效果,本文将其应用于催化α,β-不饱和酮与水合肼氧化芳构化反应。选用查尔酮与水合肼作为模板底物对反应条件进行优化。实验发现,使用氯化酞菁铁配合物作催化剂时,在碱存在下,室温下反应即可高效转化为3,5-二取代1H吡唑。在获得的最佳反应条件下拓展了底物范围,发现无论芳香环上的取代基是给电子基团还是吸电子基团,均能顺利地以较高收率得到相应吡唑衍生物。此外,由于氯化酞菁铁在乙醇中并不溶解,因此进行了催化剂回收套用实验。反应完成后,将催化剂过滤并用少量乙醇洗涤,然后以查尔酮与水合肼为反应模板进行催化剂循环实验,发现催化剂回收使用4次后,其催化活性并未降低。最后,对该反应机理进行了探究,在氮气气氛中得到并分离出了反应中间体。在确定了中间体结构后,将其在优化的反应条件下进行反应,也顺利得到了吡唑化合物。结合文献提出了可能的反应机理,即α,β-不饱和酮先与水合肼发生迈克尔加成,然后关环得到吡唑啉化合物,再经由氯化酞菁铁活化空气中氧分子氧化下,得到最终的3,5-二取代1H吡唑化合物。
　　总而言之,本文发展了一例氯化酞菁铁催化α,β-不饱和酮与水合肼的氧化芳构化反应,以较高收率实现了3,5-二取代吡唑化合物的合成。该方法具有反应条件温和、反应时间短、可循环使用5次、操作简易和利用空气作为氧化剂等优点。     

一种双光束红外光谱及其在气固相多相催化反应实时原位表征中的应用

单光束红外光谱技术(原位傅立叶透射变换红外、原位漫反射红外和衰减全反射红外光谱技术)虽然已经用于气固相多相催化反应的原位表征中,但这些光谱在真实反应条件下会受到气体分子振动光谱和加热条件下产生的发射光谱的严重影响,不能实时获得催化剂表面的真实信息.另外,由于在真实的气固相多相催化反应过程中,催化剂本底的信息会随着反应时间的延长而发生变化,因此单光束红外光谱技术在扣除本底信息方面存在误差.为了实现在反应条件下,实时、原位表征催化剂表面的状态,我们报道了一种双光束红外光谱表征技术.该技术包括双光束红外光谱系统及双光束红外反应池.其特征在于:实时双光束原位红外光谱系统由两台完全相同的红外光谱仪和双光束红外反应池组成.双光束红外反应池由完全相同的样品池和参考池连接而成,样品池和参考池处于同一水平线上分别对应于样品光谱仪和参考光谱仪,由计算机同步控制两台红外光谱仪,排除实时状态下的气体分子振动光谱干扰和加热条件下产生的发射光谱干扰.该技术可以对真实反应条件下的气固相多相催化反应进行实时原位表征.通过应用程序的关联可以实时、同步采集样品光束和背景光束谱图来得到催化剂表面物种随反应时间变化的真实信息.该技术克服了单光束红外光谱在原位多相催化反应表征方面的缺陷,使表征结果变得更加精确可靠.该技术还可以在变化的气相组分条件下,获得不同温度下、实时的催化剂表面活性中心、活性相和中间物种的信息.采用上述双光束红外光谱仪对丁烯在纳米HZSM-5催化剂上芳构化反应过程进行了实时、原位观测,首次在实际反应条件下,观察到了异丁烯在纳米HZSM-5沸石的表面Br?nsted酸中心上经历吸附、活化、聚合、环化等反应步骤生成芳烃的过程.     

Efficient two directional syntheses of a homophthalate ester and novel resorcylate oligomers

Thermolysis of 6,6′-(2-oxopropane-1,3-diyl)bis(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one) in the presence of methanol gave a triketo-ester which subsequently aromatized to provide a synthetically useful homophthalate ester. Enolate C-acylation in the presence of diethylzinc was used to synthesize other double diketo-dioxinones, which on cyclization, aromatization and dioxinone ring opening gave novel double resorcylate derivatives.