RIG型磁光薄膜的研究进展及应用

随着光通信技术与光子集成电路的发展,非互易性器件作为光通信系统中重要的组成部分得到了越来越广泛的研究与应用。基于磁光效应制成的磁光隔离器和环行器是目前应用最为广泛的非互易性器件,为了将非互易性器件整块集成在硅片上,需制备性能与块状磁光材料相当的磁光薄膜。在近红外通信波段(1 550 nm),以钇铁石榴石(Y₃Fe₅O₁₂,YIG)为代表的稀土铁石榴石(RIG)具备优良的磁光效应,是最具应用前景的磁光材料之一。研究发现,使用稀土离子对YIG薄膜进行掺杂可以有效改善其磁光性能,尤其是Bi³⁺和Ce³⁺掺杂的YIG表现出巨法拉第效应。本文首先介绍了法拉第效应原理,介绍了三种常见磁光薄膜的生长方法,回顾了近年来的主要研究成果,介绍了磁光薄膜在光隔离器和环行器中的应用,最后对磁光薄膜的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

用于液体激光介质的Nd~(3+)离子掺杂氟化镧纳米颗粒的制备与性能表征

设计并合成了掺杂不同Nd3+离子浓度的氟化镧纳米颗粒,并用油酸进行了表面修饰,使得这类纳米颗粒可分散于常见的有机溶剂中形成透明、均一、稳定的溶液。对纳米颗粒的结构、晶相以及发光性能进行了表征。固体和溶液材料在1 060 nm都有强的发射峰,说明纳米晶格可有效地保护Nd3+离子免受外界环境对发光的猝灭影响。纳米颗粒有机溶液的吸收损耗和散射损耗测试结果表明,其总损耗系数能够满足激光介质材料的损耗要求,为该材料的实用化打下了基础。     

A review of recent advances in selective catalytic NOx reduction reactor technologies

Research on NOx treatment is extensive in recent years due to growing environmental awareness. Selec- tive catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx, as a proven technology, offers higher NOx control efficiency than many other NOx treatment methods. The present work reviews the recent development of SCR reactor technologies. Firstly, catalysts and mechanism of different SCRs were briefly summarized. Different SCR reactors, e.g. structured reactor, fluidized bed reactor and moving bed reactor, were then discussed. As a more advanced technology, multifunctional reactors were also developed for SCR process and could be divided into two categories： decoupled adsorption-reaction process and combined SCR system. The mechanism and properties of these processes were discussed in detail. Some recommendations were given for the future work in SCR reactor design. SCR reactor technology for emerging energy processes was also addressed, such as oxyfuel combustion and biofuel conversion processes, which put forward new requirements for SCR technologies and also open new opportunities for advanced design of SCR reactors.     

重要声明

<正>凡投《强激光与粒子束》杂志的论文必须担保系著作人之原创性著作,并且不涉及泄密问题和保密科研项目。若发生侵权或泄密问题,一切责任由著作人承担。因此投稿时请附论文作者所在单位保密委员会的论文《保密审查证明》(或介绍信等证明论文不涉及保密问题的材料)原件,由审查者签名并加盖单位公章。     

基于萤火虫群优化算法的烟草香级集成分类方法

针对烟草化学成分与卷烟制品香级之间确定的数学模型难以建立的问题.提出了一种基于萤火虫群优化算法的烟草香级集成分类方法.方法首先使用混合核SVM独立训练多个个体支持向量机,然后利用改进的离散型萤火虫群优化算法选择部分精度较高、差异度较大的个体分类器参与集成,最后通过多数投票法得到最终的分类预测结果.对比实验结果表明,算法在分类准确度上具有较大的优势,证明了算法的有效性·从而为烟草的香级分类提供了可靠依据.     

激光脉冲放大器增益通量耦合系统解

研究了一个激光脉冲放大器增益通量系统解的问题.首先讨论了较一般的系统, 然后引入一个同伦映射.再利用映射的性质, 引进一个人工参数, 将求解非线性问题转化为求解一系列线性问题.再逐次地求出对应的线性问题的解, 最后得到了原模型解的近似展开式.可以看出, 同伦映射方法是一个解析的方法.它是通过函数的解析运算并用初等函数来表达近似解,其不同于用离散数值运算的数值计算方法.因此通过同伦映射解, 还可以对它继续进行解析运算, 从而可以进行微分和积分等运算来得到与激光脉冲放大器增益通量相关的其他物理量的性态.     

利用空间位阻和氢溢流协同作用促进5-羟甲基糠醛选择性加氢制备5-甲基糠醛

Selective hydrogenation is a vital class of reaction. Various unsaturated functional groups in organic compounds, such as aromatic rings, alkynyl (C≡C), carbonyl (C＝O), nitro (-NO₂), and alkenyl (C＝C) groups, are typical targets in selective hydrogenation. Therefore, selectivity is a key indicator of the efficiency of a designed hydrogenation reaction. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) is an important platform compound in the context of biomass conversion, and recently, the hydrogenation of HMF to produce fuels and other valuable chemicals has received significant attention. Controlling the selectivity of HMF hydrogenation is paramount because of the different reducible functional groups (C＝O, C-OH, and C＝C) in HMF. Moreover, the exploration of new routes for hydrogenating HMF to valuable chemicals is becoming attractive. 5-Methylfurfural (MF) is also an important organic compound; thus, the selective hydrogenation of HMF to MF is an essential synthetic route. However, this reaction has challenging thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, making it difficult to realize. Herein, we propose a strategy to design a highly efficient catalytic system for selective hydrogenation by exploiting the synergy between steric hindrance and hydrogen spillover. The design and preparation of the Pt@PVP/Nb₂O₅ catalyst (PVP = polyvinyl pyrrolidone; Nb₂O₅ = niobium(V) oxide) were also conducted. Surprisingly, HMF could be converted to MF with 92% selectivity at 100% HMF conversion. The reaction pathway was revealed through the combination of control experiments and density functional theory calculations. Although PVP blocked HMF from accessing the surface of Pt, hydrogen (H₂) could be activated on the surface of Pt due to its small molecular size, and the activated H₂ could migrate to the surface of Nb₂O₅ through a phenomenon called H₂ spillover. The Lewis acidic surface of Nb₂O₅ could not adsorb the C＝O group but could adsorb and activate the C-OH group of HMF; therefore, when HMF was adsorbed on Nb₂O₅, the C-OH groups were hydrogenated by the spilled over H₂ to form MF. The high selectivity of this reaction was realized because of the unique combination of steric effects, hydrogen spillover, and tuning of the electronic states of the Pt and Nb₂O₅ surfaces. This new route for producing MF has great potential for practical application owing to its discovered advantages. We believe that this novel strategy can be used to design catalysts for other selective hydrogenation reactions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a significant breakthrough in selective hydrogenation, which will be of interest to researchers working on the utilization of biomass, organic synthesis, catalysis, and other related fields.      

改进的谱峰拟合光谱标准化方法定量分析废钢中元素

为了解决因设备和环境因素导致激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术在定量测量时的较高波动性问题,提出了基于改进的沃伊特函数拟合的光谱标准化方法。首先通过高精度激光器采集废钢样品的LIBS光谱数据,然后通过标准等离子体条件(标准等离子温度、电子数密度、待测元素总密度)得到标准光谱强度与实际谱线强度、半峰全宽等因素之间的关系式,并基于近似沃伊特函数对相关的谱峰进行拟合,获得标准化的重要参数,完成对样品的标准化模型的建立。结果表明,将该标准化方法用于废钢中铜、镍、硅、铬、锰元素的定量预测,得到的相关系数(R²)、预测均方根误差(RMSEP)和平均相对误差(ARE)的平均值分别为0.981 4,0.063,6.3%,有效降低了波动影响,增强了分析精度,能够在工业中对废钢元素进行快速检测。     

环丙烷骨架膦配体的研究展望

按照配体类型划分,系统总结了已知环丙烷骨架含膦(包括单膦、双膦、膦-杂原子及三膦)配体及其在过渡金属催化中的应用.环丙烷具有成为优势膦配体骨架的潜力:一方面,环丙烷骨架具有刚性的平面结构,三个碳原子上的取代基具有联动关系;另一方面,环丙烷的结构拉大了其碳上取代基的键角,增大了这些取代基的几何结构可调性;此外,环丙烷的构筑方法多样而且有效,这为环丙烷膦配体的结构多样性合成提供了得天独厚的条件.然而,迄今以环丙烷为核心骨架的膦配体报道很少,其应用亦有待挖掘.希望能够引起研究者们对于环丙烷骨架含膦配体的重视,推动过渡金属催化领域的发展.     

SBA-15固定化黑曲霉脂肪酶对柚皮苷的区域选择性酰化

柚皮苷(Naringin)是一种天然存在的生物类黄酮,分布于较多种类的水果和蔬菜中,具有抗癌症、抗氧化和保护心血管等多种生物活性。但因其较差的生物利用率致使其深度开发和临床治疗应用面临着严重阻碍。为了提高柚皮苷的生物利用价值,采用SBA-15固定化黑曲霉脂肪酶(Aspergillus niger lipase, ANL)对柚皮苷进行了酶法转化研究。系统考察了在非水相有机介质中固定化ANL催化柚皮苷酰基化反应的酶活及区域选择性的影响因素。结果表明：酰基供体、反应溶剂、水活度及反应温度对柚皮苷的酰化反应具有不同程度的影响。在最佳催化条件下,酶活最高(153±5μmol·h^-1·g^-1),酶转化率可达92.00%±2.43%,且固定化ANL对柚皮苷的C-6′位置具有区域选择性(>99%)。