氮气吹扫和费托合成的脉冲过程以提高α-烯烃的选择性

费托合成可以将煤炭或者生物质气化得到的合成气转化为α-烯烃等重要的化工产品。研究将费托合成和氮气吹扫操作组合成一脉冲过程,在稳定的操作状态下保证费托合成和氮气吹扫交替进行。在传统的费托合成条件下(反应气速为2 000 h^-1,温度为497 K, 压力为 2.0 MPa, 氢碳体积比为2.0)考察了Fe-Co催化剂在脉冲过程中费托合成的活性和选择性。结果表明,N₂吹扫温度和压力分别为517 K和0.2 MPa下的费托合成的C₃烯烷比是未脉冲的相同反应条件下的九倍左右。同时,反应过程中CH₄的选择性和CO的转化率有所下降。在此基础上,通过间歇反应在固定床反应器中进行该脉冲过程,实验结果表明,利用脉冲操作在费托反应中可以获得更高的烯烃选择性。     

A review of recent advances in selective catalytic NOx reduction reactor technologies

Research on NOx treatment is extensive in recent years due to growing environmental awareness. Selec- tive catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx, as a proven technology, offers higher NOx control efficiency than many other NOx treatment methods. The present work reviews the recent development of SCR reactor technologies. Firstly, catalysts and mechanism of different SCRs were briefly summarized. Different SCR reactors, e.g. structured reactor, fluidized bed reactor and moving bed reactor, were then discussed. As a more advanced technology, multifunctional reactors were also developed for SCR process and could be divided into two categories： decoupled adsorption-reaction process and combined SCR system. The mechanism and properties of these processes were discussed in detail. Some recommendations were given for the future work in SCR reactor design. SCR reactor technology for emerging energy processes was also addressed, such as oxyfuel combustion and biofuel conversion processes, which put forward new requirements for SCR technologies and also open new opportunities for advanced design of SCR reactors.     

正丁基(苯基)[(三甲基硅基)甲基]锡芳香酸酯的合成及结构表征

合成了11个正丁基(苯基)[(三甲基硅基)甲基]锡芳香酸酯,并通过~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、IR和元素分析对目标化合物结构进行了表征。生物活性测试的初步结果表明,正丁基(苯基)[(三甲基硅基)甲基]碘化锡及其对-氯苯甲酸酯具有一定的杀螨活性。     

三维锌基金属有机框架材料的合成及其晶体结构与热性能

以1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁氯化钯为催化剂,2,5-二溴苯甲醛和4-吡啶苯硼酸经"一锅法"反应合成了新化合物2,5-二(吡啶-4-基)苯甲醛(L)。以L和反式-4,4'-二苯乙烯二甲酸(H2SDA)为配体,与Zn(NO3)2·6H2O经溶剂热反应合成了一个四重穿插的三维金属有机框架材料[Zn2L(SDA)2]·2DMA(1),其结构和热性能经IR,元素分析,X-射线粉末衍射和TGA表征。1属四方晶系,P4(1)2(1)2空间群,晶胞参数a=17.452 0(9),b=17.452 0(9),c=18.360 6(14),V=5 592.1(6)3,Z=8,Dc=1.303 mg·cm-3,F(000)=2 268,μ=1.557 mm-1,R1=0.040 6,ωR2=0.114 7。1的结构中轮浆型双核Zn2(CO2)4单元被四个SDA分子连接形成一个二维层状结构,进而通过配体L桥连形成一个三维的网状结构,其热稳定性高达320℃。     

Co/SBA-16:对柴油组分有高选择性的费托合成催化剂(英文)

使用浸渍法制备了一系列Co/SBA-16催化剂,并通过氮物理吸附、X射线衍射、氢程序升温还原、氢化学吸附和透射电镜技术对催化剂行了表征。研究表明,随着负载钴含量的增加,金属钴的分散度降低了,这是同Co3O4晶粒增长和比表面积降低相一致的。Co/SBA-16催化剂展示了高的一氧化碳转化率,低的C1选择性和高的C5+选择性,特别对柴油组分有高选择性。     

新型含氮配体多核铜配合物的合成、晶体结构及其性能研究

以1,10-邻菲罗啉(phen)为配体,采用溶剂蒸发法在水中分别合成了羟基桥连和氯离子桥连的两个新型的含氮配体多核铜离子配合物[Cu4(phen)4(H2O)2(OH)4·(NO3)4·2H2O(1)和Cu2(phen)2Cl4(2)],其结构经元素分析和X-射线单晶衍射表征。1属三斜晶系,空间群P-1,晶胞参数a=10.143 0(9),b=11.900 1(11),c=12.629 9(13),α=111.060(2)°,β=91.070 0(10)°,γ=110.920(2)°,Z=1,V=1 309.8(2)3,F(000)=692。2属单斜晶系,空间群Cc,晶胞参数a=9.860 9(8),b=17.852 9(13),c=13.412 3(15),β=106.583(11)°,Z=4,V=2 263.0(4)3,F(000)=1 256。用荧光光谱和热分析分别研究了1和2的荧光性质和热稳定性,结果表明:在310 nm激发波长激发下,与phen相比,1和2的荧光发射峰分别发生红移和蓝移,λem分别位于451 nm和374 nm。1和2的初始分解温度分别为298℃和300℃。     

北京中材人工晶体研究院有限公司 合成金刚石用触媒合金粉

<正>北京中材人工晶体研究院有限公司是隶属于中材集团的高新技术企业,主要从事人工合成晶体材料、高性能陶瓷材料、先进功能复合材料及制品的研发、生产和销售。公司研发的触媒合金粉末和触媒一石墨混合粉,广泛应用于国内两面顶和六面顶压机合成人造金刚石,有较高的市场占有率。生产规模达1500吨/年左右。触媒合金粉末主要用铁基材料经高温熔炼、高压水雾化破碎,经真空干燥后制成。国外金刚石行业已经广泛应用,近几年国内用量在     

基于萤火虫群优化算法的烟草香级集成分类方法

针对烟草化学成分与卷烟制品香级之间确定的数学模型难以建立的问题.提出了一种基于萤火虫群优化算法的烟草香级集成分类方法.方法首先使用混合核SVM独立训练多个个体支持向量机,然后利用改进的离散型萤火虫群优化算法选择部分精度较高、差异度较大的个体分类器参与集成,最后通过多数投票法得到最终的分类预测结果.对比实验结果表明,算法在分类准确度上具有较大的优势,证明了算法的有效性·从而为烟草的香级分类提供了可靠依据.     

电化学促进的二苯基亚砜还原制备二苯基硫醚——推荐一个半微量绿色有机化学实验

有机电合成具有绿色、高效、可控等优点,近年来已成为有机合成发展的热点领域。但是有机电合成反应目前尚未在本科生有机化学实验教学中予以推广。硫醚化合物广泛存在于天然产物和药物活性分子中,也是有机合成的重要中间体,传统合成方法需要使用还原剂且反应条件剧烈,最近我们发展了一种电化学促进亚砜还原的新方法来合成硫醚化合物,在此基础上,设计了一个以易得的二苯基亚砜为原料,在电化学促进室温条件下合成二苯基硫醚的绿色有机化学实验。本实验通过将科研成果转化为有机化学实验教学,有助于激发学生的创新意识,树立“绿色合成”理念。     

利用空间位阻和氢溢流协同作用促进5-羟甲基糠醛选择性加氢制备5-甲基糠醛

Selective hydrogenation is a vital class of reaction. Various unsaturated functional groups in organic compounds, such as aromatic rings, alkynyl (C≡C), carbonyl (C＝O), nitro (-NO₂), and alkenyl (C＝C) groups, are typical targets in selective hydrogenation. Therefore, selectivity is a key indicator of the efficiency of a designed hydrogenation reaction. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) is an important platform compound in the context of biomass conversion, and recently, the hydrogenation of HMF to produce fuels and other valuable chemicals has received significant attention. Controlling the selectivity of HMF hydrogenation is paramount because of the different reducible functional groups (C＝O, C-OH, and C＝C) in HMF. Moreover, the exploration of new routes for hydrogenating HMF to valuable chemicals is becoming attractive. 5-Methylfurfural (MF) is also an important organic compound; thus, the selective hydrogenation of HMF to MF is an essential synthetic route. However, this reaction has challenging thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, making it difficult to realize. Herein, we propose a strategy to design a highly efficient catalytic system for selective hydrogenation by exploiting the synergy between steric hindrance and hydrogen spillover. The design and preparation of the Pt@PVP/Nb₂O₅ catalyst (PVP = polyvinyl pyrrolidone; Nb₂O₅ = niobium(V) oxide) were also conducted. Surprisingly, HMF could be converted to MF with 92% selectivity at 100% HMF conversion. The reaction pathway was revealed through the combination of control experiments and density functional theory calculations. Although PVP blocked HMF from accessing the surface of Pt, hydrogen (H₂) could be activated on the surface of Pt due to its small molecular size, and the activated H₂ could migrate to the surface of Nb₂O₅ through a phenomenon called H₂ spillover. The Lewis acidic surface of Nb₂O₅ could not adsorb the C＝O group but could adsorb and activate the C-OH group of HMF; therefore, when HMF was adsorbed on Nb₂O₅, the C-OH groups were hydrogenated by the spilled over H₂ to form MF. The high selectivity of this reaction was realized because of the unique combination of steric effects, hydrogen spillover, and tuning of the electronic states of the Pt and Nb₂O₅ surfaces. This new route for producing MF has great potential for practical application owing to its discovered advantages. We believe that this novel strategy can be used to design catalysts for other selective hydrogenation reactions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a significant breakthrough in selective hydrogenation, which will be of interest to researchers working on the utilization of biomass, organic synthesis, catalysis, and other related fields.