DSC study of the combustion properties of turkish coals

In this research, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the combustion behavior and kinetic analysis of raw and cleaned coal samples of different size fractions. DSC curves of the three coal samples (Soma, Tuncbilek and Afsin Elbistan) showed two reaction regions. The first reaction region was due to moisture loss (endothermic) and observed in the temperature range of ambient to 150°C. The second region was the exothermic region due to the combustion and observed in the temperature range of 150 to 600°C. Kinetic parameters of the samples were determined using Roger and Morris kinetic model and the results are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Combustion curves of some Turkish lignites

In this study, combustion curves of twenty-five Turkish lignites were obtained through use of a differential thermal analyser. 20 mg lignite samples were heated at a constant rate of 10 deg·min^?1 in a 40 cc/min flow of air up to 1073 K and held for 10 minutes at this constant temperature. The combustion curves of the samples are compared and discussed.     

云南泥炭和褐煤中的多环芳烃

本文研究云南宝秀盆地一个钻孔不同深度的泥炭和褐煤抽出物芳烃馏分中多环芳烃的组成。用GC和GC/MS鉴别了它们的组份,结果表明,从双环和三环单芳构化、双芳构化、三芳构化到四环双芳构化、三芳构化及四芳构化和五环单、双芳构化、三芳构化、四芳构化以及C环开裂的萜类化合物均有不同含量的存在,这说明在煤化过程早期芳构化就进行到相当的深度,也说明云南陆源高等植物,尤其是喜温树类的造煤物种为宝秀盆地提供了特殊的芳构化有机组成系列。     

Evaluation of combustion characteristics of different size elbistan lignite by using TG/DTG and DTA

In this research, the relationship between particle size and combustion kinetics and combustion properties of lignite samples was examined by utilizing the thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. The lignite samples separated into different size fractions were subjected to non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis between ambient and 900°C in the presence of 50 mL min⁻¹ air flow rate. Activation energy (E) and Arrhenius constant (A _r) of combustion reaction of each size was evaluated by applying Arrhenius kinetic model to the resulting data. Combustion properties of the samples were interpreted by careful examination of the curves. The apparent activation energies in major combustion region were calculated as 41.03 and 53.11 kJ mol⁻¹ for the largest size (−2360+2000 μm) and the finest size (−38 μm), respectively.     

褐煤的EDA—DMF萃取和加氢液化性能

考察了三个褐煤样品的乙二胺（EDA）－二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）萃取物的收率及其组成结构与加氢液化性能的关第。结果表明，萃取率、液化转率 及沥青质产率之间有较好的相关性，且三者均随煤化程度的增加而减少。EDA－DMF萃取物中富集了含短 链烷基取代基的芳香族复杂酯（西边）类低分子化合物。推测在液化初期褐煤中－O－和＞C＝O的裂解和加氢可能起着重要的作用。     

An Investigation Into The Combustion Curves of Lignites

In this research, combustion curves of seventeen lignite samples from the Thrace basin (Turkey) were analysed using thermal analysis (TG/DTG) techniques. A comparative analysis was performed considering the relationship between peak temperature, burn-out temperature, moisture content, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon and calorific values of the samples studied and the results are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ignition and volatile combustion behaviors of a single lignite particle in a fluidized bed under O2/H2O condition

O₂/H₂O combustion, as a new evolution of oxy-fuel combustion, has gradually gained more attention recently for carbon capture in a coal-fired power plant. The physical and chemical properties of steam e.g. reactivity, thermal capacity, diffusivity, can affect the coal combustion process. In this work, the ignition and volatile combustion characteristics of a single lignite particle were first investigated in a fluidized bed combustor under O₂/H₂O atmosphere. The flame and particle temperatures were measured by a calibrated two-color pyrometry and pre-buried thermocouple, respectively. Results indicated that the volatile flame became smaller and brighter as the oxygen concentration increased. The ignition delay time of particle in dense phase was shorter than that in dilute phase due to its higher heat transfer coefficient. Also, the volatile flame was completely separated from particles (defined as off-flame) in dense phase while the flame lay on the particle surface (defined as on-flame) in dilute phase. The self-heating of fuel particles by on-flame in dilute phase was more obvious than that in dense phase, leading to earlier char combustion. At low oxygen concentration, the flame in the H₂O atmosphere was darker than that in the N₂ atmosphere because the heat capacity of H₂O is higher than that of N₂. With the increase of oxygen concentration, the flame temperature in the O₂/H₂O atmosphere was dramatically enhanced rather than that in the O₂/N₂ atmosphere, where the diffusion rate of oxygen in O₂/N₂ atmosphere became the dominant factor.     

褐煤与煤直接液化残渣共热解产物半焦性能研究

为使煤直接液化残渣得到清洁高效再利用,采用常压固定床反应器,对神东煤直接液化残渣与呼伦贝尔褐煤共热解制取的半焦进行了研究。结合扫描电镜、N₂-吸附、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱以及热重分析发现,共热解过程中存在的软化熔融现象导致液化残渣与褐煤相互黏结,共热解半焦比表面积与孔体积减小,半焦结构有序化程度增加。与褐煤单独热解半焦相比,共热解半焦CO₂气化反应性能低。     

锯木屑与褐煤共热解生物焦的成浆性能及其流变特性

模拟外热式直立炭化炉组装热解实验平台对锯木屑、云南褐煤进行热解/共热解提质,采用成浆实验法研究了锯木屑、云南褐煤热解生物焦/半焦及其共热解生物焦的成浆性能。结果表明,热解能显著提高锯木屑、云南褐煤的成浆性能,锯木屑、云南褐煤分别在500℃下热解1.5 h,所得到的生物焦、半焦的成浆浓度分别由热解前的29.21%、54.63%提高至38.57%、60.19%。相同热解条件下,锯木屑与云南褐煤共热解生物焦的成浆性能明显优于锯木屑、云南褐煤分别单独热解混合焦(生物焦与半焦的混合物)的成浆性能。锯木屑浆、生物焦浆、共热解生物焦浆、混合生物焦浆等均从总体上表现为假塑性特性,但当锯木屑含量大于等于50%时,锯木屑与云南褐煤共热解生物焦浆的流变特性与生物焦浆类似,在剪切速率较低的条件下,具有明显的剪切变稠特性,表现出较强的胀塑性。共热解生物焦的成浆性能优于混合生物焦的原因在于云南褐煤和锯木屑在共热解过程中的协同作用整体增强了共热解生物焦的芳构化程度。     

小龙潭褐煤加氢液化及其重质产物结构表征

研究了小龙潭(XLT)褐煤直接加氢液化性能,并利用元素分析、红外光谱和荧光光谱法对液化重质产物沥青烯(AS)和前沥青烯(PA)结构进行了分析表征。结果表明,XLT褐煤液化活性高,FeS催化415 ℃时液化转化率最高达到89.6%,其液化过程主要是煤大分子结构热解并脱氧。所得AS和PA的芳环结构单元类似于原煤,氧主要以羟基和芳香酮羰基形式存在。PA具有"列岛"(archipelago)式大分子结构特征,芳香结构含量明显大于AS。THF溶液中,PA缔合作用显著强于AS,尤其在稀溶液中PA存在一定的分子内缔合。较高温度下所得PA和AS中芳香结构含量高,缔合作用强。