Hydrogenation of acetylene into ethane–ethene mixtures over modified Pd–alumina catalysts

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秋千参数自激振动的数学模型与数值模拟

将秋千视为变长度单摆,基于归一化高斯函数构造了摆球相对摆杆的速度表达式.在此基础上建立了秋千的非线性动力学微分方程,并据此数学模型对秋千运动进行了数值模拟,得到了秋千的运动规律和功能转化的机制.     

Heterointerface Engineering of ZnO/CdS Heterostructures through ZnS Layers for Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Solar-driven water splitting to produce clean and renewable hydrogen offers a green strategy to address the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Heterostructure catalysts are receiving increasing attention for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. ZnO/ZnS/CdS and ZnO/CdS heterostructures have been successfully designed and prepared according to two different strategies. By introducing a heterointerface layer of ZnS between ZnO and CdS, a Z scheme charge-transfer channel was promoted and achieved superior photocatalytic performance. A highest hydrogen generation rate of 156.7 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ was achieved by precise control of the thickness of the heterointerface layer and of the CdS shell. These findings demonstrated that heterostructures are promising catalysts for solar-driven water splitting, and that heterointerface engineering is an effective way to improve the photocatalytic properties of heterostructures.     

小比距离密闭空腔爆炸爆后气体温度和压力测量技术研究

为实现空腔爆炸温度、压力变化趋势的准确测量，基于铠装K型热电偶和压力变送器，建立密闭空腔爆后气体温度、压力测量系统。设计密封隔热防护装置，将传感器的敏感端与信号调理模块分别安装在两个密封腔内，有效提高了传感器在大当量爆炸冲击条件下的存活率。在0.86 m/kg1/3比距离密闭空腔大当量爆炸条件下，对传感器及防护装置的性能进行考核验证，爆后测量采集到了有效的气体温度及压力变化历程，且传感器状态能够最终恢复至正常状态。测试结果表明，使用密封隔热安装的K型热电偶和压力变送器可以满足小比距离密闭空腔爆后气体静态温度、压力测量需求。     

快速热点火熔奥梯铝炸药燃烧转爆轰实验研究

以熔铸型含铝混合炸药熔奥梯铝为对象，研究铸装含铝混合炸药快速热点火后的燃烧转爆轰特性。建立了快速热点火燃烧转爆轰实验平台，由实验装置（加热装置、约束钢管、炸药）、压力测试系统、光纤测速系统组成；加热装置加热15 mm厚45钢钢板，峰值温度大于1 100 ℃，温升速率为85～95 ℃/s。开展了快速热点火带壳熔奥梯铝炸药燃烧转爆轰实验，由加热装置加热约束钢管内熔奥梯铝炸药，炸药化学反应阵面压力和传播速度分别由压电性高压压力传感器和光纤探针测定；实测阵面压力约1 GPa，传播速度最大约2 600 m/s。由光纤数据获得炸药化学反应阵面传播轨迹，通过特征线方法获得冲击形成点，半定量给出冲击形成距离大于850 mm；并比较了管体破片质量实测值与炸药完全爆轰时破片平均质量计算值，实测值远小于计算值。综合实测化学反应阵面传播速度和压力、冲击形成距离分析、破片质量比较，可确定熔奥梯铝炸药没有发生完全爆轰，其化学反应状态为爆燃。另外，采用Adams和Pack模型、CJ燃烧模型，都能够半定量的预估冲击形成距离和燃烧波后压力，为实验设计提供依据，但CJ燃烧模型的计算结果更接近于实测值。     

具有恒定冲击载荷的梯度泡沫金属材料设计

多胞材料可通过大变形大量地吸收冲击能量，引入密度梯度可进一步提高其耐撞性。梯度多胞材料的宏观力学响应对材料密度分布极为敏感，不同类型的细观构型的影响也极为不同。已有的研究工作主要局限在对给定的密度梯度分析其动态响应，较少对耐撞性设计方法进行研究。本文针对梯度闭孔泡沫金属材料，基于非线性塑性冲击波模型发展了耐撞性反向设计方法，以维持冲击物受载恒定为目标，运用级数法获得了简化模型和渐近解。利用变胞元尺寸法构建了连续梯度变化的三维Voronoi细观有限元模型，并利用ABAQUS/Explicit有限元软件对理论设计进行数值验证。结果表明，反向设计理论简化模型的渐近解对于梯度闭孔泡沫金属材料的耐撞性设计是有效的，所提出的耐撞性设计方法在控制冲击吸能过程和冲击物受载方面具有指导意义。     

钨合金柱形弹超高速撞击水泥砂浆靶的侵彻深度研究

In this paper we carried out experiments using two-stage light gas gun with Gram-grade cylindrical tungsten alloy projectiles, impacting concrete targets at velocity from 1.82 km/s to 3.66 km/s ton investigate the cratering mechanism of concrete targets in hypervelocity impact conditions. We obtained the penetration depth and residual length of the projectiles using computerized tomography (CT) and used the numerical simulation results conducted by Euler algorithm to further examine the mechanism of hypervelocity impact, and achieved the following results: (1) The craters were structured by spalling areas and bullet holes; (2) The penetration depth increases at first and then decreases with the increase of the impact velocities, and the maximum penetration depth was 8.5 times that of the projectile length, which showed no significant advantage over low velocity penetration; (3) According to the pressure of the interface of the projectiles and targets, the penetration processes were divided into four stages, of which the quasi-steady stage and the third stage were crucial in determining the total penetration depth; (4) When the projectiles were completely eroded with the increase of the impact velocities, the penetration depth of the quasi-steady stages almost remained the same and the penetration depth of the third stage decreased so that the total penetration depth was observed to increase at first and then decrease.     

Characterizations of ( m,n )-Jordan Derivations and ( m,n )-Jordan Derivable Mappings on Some Algebras

Let R be a ring, M be a R-bimodule and m, n be two fixed nonnegative integers with m + n = 0. An additive mapping δ from R into M is called an(m, n)-Jordan derivation if(m +n)δ(A~2) = 2 mAδ(A) + 2nδ(A)A for every A in R. In this paper, we prove that every(m, n)-Jordan derivation with m = n from a C*-algebra into its Banach bimodule is zero. An additive mappingδ from R into M is called a(m, n)-Jordan derivable mapping at W in R if(m + n)δ(AB + BA) =2mδ(A)B + 2 mδ(B)A + 2 nAδ(B) + 2 nBδ(A) for each A and B in R with AB = BA = W. We prove that if M is a unital A-bimodule with a left(right) separating set generated algebraically by all idempotents in A, then every(m, n)-Jordan derivable mapping at zero from A into M is identical with zero. We also show that if A and B are two unital algebras, M is a faithful unital(A, B)-bimodule and U = [A M N B] is a generalized matrix algebra, then every(m, n)-Jordan derivable mapping at zero from U into itself is equal to zero.