Flow and atomization characteristics of a twin-fluid nozzle with internal swirling and self-priming effects

A twin-fluid nozzle was proposed for low-pressure atomization. The nozzle is featured by swirling air flows in the mixing chamber. Liquid medium is thereby inhaled due to the pressure difference. An experimental work was performed to investigate the atomization performance of the nozzle and the hydrogen peroxide solution served as the liquid medium. Droplet size and droplet velocity were measured. Effects of the diameter of the air-injection orifice and the air-injection pressure were investigated. The results show that small droplet size is achieved with the proposed nozzle. As the spray develops, Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the droplets decreases first and then increases, irrespective of the variation of the air-injection orifice diameter and the air-injection pressure. Overall SMD varies inversely with the air-injection orifice diameter and air-injection pressure. Near the nozzle, cross-sectional velocity distribution exhibits a peak-valley pattern, which is replaced with uniformized velocity distributions away from the nozzle. Similarity of cross-sectional radial velocity distribution at different air pressures is evidenced. Furthermore, the correlation between droplet size and droplet velocity is established.     

Damage simulation of repaired composite laminate with rectangular cut-out

Repaired composite laminate with rectangular cut-out is studied by tensile experiments and FEM simulation in this paper. A user damage subroutine is implemented to ABAQUS to simulate the damage of laminate. Good agreements between experimental data and numerical results are reached. From the experiment and FEM simulation results, the integrality of composite structure is destroyed due to the existence of cut-out. However, the asymmetry of repair gets this effect farther. From damage simulation, the initiation and development of three types of damages are predicted. The matrix cracking occurs at first, fiber–matrix shear and fiber break are subsequent. The effect of matrix cracking to the carrying capacity of structure is very small, but when fiber–matrix shear and fiber break occur, dangerous to structure, the carrying capacity of structure loses rapidly.     

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通过使用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法研究圆柱形霍尔等离子体推进器。应用蒙特卡洛方法和Particle In Cell(PIC)方法对放电通道内等离子体碰撞和行为进行模拟。建立圆柱形霍尔推进器的物理和数值模型;通过对放电和加速区等离子体的产生和输运进行模拟,掌握了等离子体放电和加速机理以及内磁极的刻蚀情况。结果表明:随着电压的升高,内磁极刻蚀较为严重;推进器内部离子能量值约为放电电压值的50%左右。同时通过实验方法测定不同放电电压情况下推进器的放电性能。     

Experiments on a beam-rigid body structure repetitively impacting a rod

This paper investigates the experimental dynamics of a beam structure that supports an attached rigid body and that can impact a comparatively compliant base structure. The problem area is motivated by impact phenomena that are observed in certain structures internal to nuclear reactors. The assembly is subjected to base excitation at specified frequency and acceleration, and the resulting displacement and velocity time histories are recorded and used to obtain spectra, phase diagrams, and Poincaré sections. The measurements validate simulation results obtained by using a constraint and modal mapping method based on the two sets of modes when the structure is in-contact, and when it is not-in-contact. Generalized coordinates are mapped across the impact discontinuities in the modal representation. The forced response simulation predicts the test specimen’s response over a range of excitation frequencies. The specimens are fabricated as single integral structures from acrylnitrile butadene styrene plastic through rapid prototyping technology in order to eliminate the undesirable dissipation and flexibility arising from joints and connections. The experimental system can exhibit complex response characteristics, and the influences on complexity of deadband clearance and of asymmetry in the point of impact are examined in the experiments.     

下坂地坝基深厚覆盖层帷幕灌浆现场试验工艺研究

新疆下坂地水利枢纽工程的坝基为深厚覆盖层,厚度达147.95m,其结构较为复杂,主要由冰碛层、冲洪积砾石层和砂土层透镜体组成,坝基防渗处理难度很大。为此,针对下坂地深厚覆盖层进行了专门的帷幕灌浆现场试验工艺研究,通过对浆液材料、配比、工艺措施和参数经过深入的分析,找出了一套适合于下坂地复杂地层的灌浆施工工艺,为初步设计提供了可靠依据。     

纸质构件力学性能试验研究

对铅化纸制作的纸杆和纸带进行了力学试验, 分析了其力学性能, 结果表明:纸杆应力应变曲线存在线弹性段, 弹性模量主要集中在200$\sim$400\,MPa, 并具有一定的离散性. 而纸带抗拉曲线呈明显的非线性特征, 极限拉应变主要集中在0.015$\sim 对铅化纸制作的纸杆和纸带进行了力学试验, 分析了其力学性能, 结果表明:纸杆应力应变曲线存在线弹性段, 弹性模量主要集中在200$\sim$400\,MPa, 并具有一定的离散性. 而纸带抗拉曲线呈明显的非线性特征, 极限拉应变主要集中在0.015$\sim 对铅化纸制作的纸杆和纸带进行了力学试验, 分析了其力学性能, 结果表明:纸杆应力应变曲线存在线弹性段, 弹性模量主要集中在200$\sim$400\,MPa, 并具有一定的离散性. 而纸带抗拉曲线呈明显的非线性特征, 极限拉应变主要集中在0.015$\sim 对铅化纸制作的纸杆和纸带进行了力学试验, 分析了其力学性能, 结果表明:纸杆应力应变曲线存在线弹性段, 弹性模量主要集中在200$\sim$400\,MPa, 并具有一定的离散性. 而纸带抗拉曲线呈明显的非线性特征, 极限拉应变主要集中在0.015$\sim对铅化纸制作的纸杆和纸带进行了力学试验,分析了其力学性能,结果表明:纸杆应力应变曲线存在线弹性段,弹性模量主要集中在200～400 MPa,并具有一定的离散性.而纸带抗拉曲线呈明显的非线性特征,极限拉应变主要集中在0.015～0.025之间,纸带的粘结状态对试件的极限拉应变有较大的影响.     

Experiments on the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability of an air/SF6 interface

Results of flow visualization experiments of an impulsively accelerated plane interface between air and SF₆ are reported. The shock tube used for the experiments has a larger test section than in previous experiments. The larger extent of uniform test flow relative to nonuniform boundary-layer flow permits unambiguous interpretation of flow-visualization photographs, and the influence of shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions is no longer dominant. The strong wall vortex observed in previous studies is not observed in these experiments. It is found that the thin membrane, which forms the initially plane interface, has a significant influence on the initial growth rate of the interface thickness. However, the measured growth rates after the first reflected shock are independent of membrane configuration and are in good agreement with analytical predictions.On leave from Stosswellenlabor (Shock Wave Laboratory), RWTH Aachen, Templergraben 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.This article was processed by the author using theLAT_EX style filepljour2 from Springer-Verlag.     

如何讲授物理化学实验——以燃烧热的测定为例

Based on the conception of "experiment goal-directed" and "result-oriented", we take the experiment of "Measurement of Combustion Heat" as an example to introduce how to teach the physical chemistry laboratory course. By this means, we are aiming to deeply integrate experimental theory lectures with whole experimentation processes, to promote students' coordinated development of knowledge, ability, thinking and quality, and ultimately to cultivate the top and innovative talents.     

苯乙烯阴离子聚合仿真实验软件的研究

烯类单体的阴离子聚合是高分子化学课程中主要理论内容之一,为了使学生更好地掌握和运用理论知识,通常需要配合实验教学加以验证。而传统的烯类单体的阴离子聚合实验由于受各方面条件限制,实验效果欠佳。本文以苯乙烯阴离子聚合实验的开展为背景,介绍了聚合实验软件平台的设计、开发、硬件系统和实验的内容。经过验证,该实验软件平台功能完善,界面简洁,运行稳定,可以结合实际硬件设备以及具体需求进行实验教学。     

NMR Studies of Agricultural Products. Applications of Achiral and Chiral Lanthanide Shift Reagents to the Fungicide,Triadimefon.

Abstract

The 60 MHz ¹H NMR spectra of the systemic agricultural fungicide, triadimefon, 1, have been studied in CDCl₃ at 28±1° (as the racemic free base) with the added achiral lanthanide shift reagent (LSR), tris(6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8-heptafluoro-2, 2-dimethyl-3, 5-octanedionato) europium(III), Eu(FOD)₃, 2, for spectral simplification, and with the chiral LSR, tris [3-(heptafluoropropylhydroxymethylene)-(+) -camphorato)europium(III), Eu(HFC)₃, 3, to induce enantiomeric shift differences (ΔΔδ) for several nuclei. Significant ΔΔδ values were seen for the two protons of the heterocyclic ring, the OCH methine, and aryl H-2′, 6′ of the chlorophenoxy ring. For each of these nuclei exhibiting ΔΔδ with added 3, the ΔΔδ magnitudes reached maximum values with 3: 1 molar ratios ca. 0. 18–0. 29, and decreased with higher levels of 3. To confirm analytical utility of 3 for % e. e. determinations of 1, a nonracemic (“spiked”) sample of racemic 1, with added R-(?) triadimefon, was examined with 3. At low 3: 1 ratios, both triazole H-3 and H-5, as well as the OCH and aryl H-2′, 6′ protons of (?)-1 showed a downfield sense of magnetic nonequivalence with (+) -3. With 3: 1 ratios ca. 0. 8, triazole proton H-3 reversed its sense of magnetic noneguivalence. The H-3 and H-5 signals were useful for % e. e determinations at this higher 3: 1 ratio.