面式、经式异构体的钴-氨基硫脲配合物作为催化剂应用于可见光催化分解水产氢（英文）

近年来,作为替代贵金属铂催化剂的铁、钴和镍等非贵金属配合物分子催化剂,由于合成容易、结构调控方便以及具有良好的催化活性等特点,成为均相光催化分解水产氢领域的研究热点.其中,钴配合物具有结构简单、成本低廉、容易合成以及具有理想的氧化还原电位等优势,更是光催化分解水产氢领域的优先研究对象.由于稳定性及溶解度的问题,在已报道的研究工作中,大部分钴配合物测试环境均在有机溶剂或有机溶剂/水混合溶剂中.因此,寻找水溶性良好的钴配合物催化剂成为了目前的均相光催化分解水产氢领域的研究焦点之一.在此之前,氨基硫脲配合物已经广泛用于生物和制药等研究,例如:抗氧化、抗菌以及抗病毒等领域.而在人工光合产氢领域采用氨基硫脲配合物作为催化剂的例子则比较罕见.在该项研究中,我们报道了一对水溶性较好(40 mg mL~(–1),20°C)且具有几何异构特征的八面体钴-氨基硫脲配合物作为光、电催化质子还原产氢的分子催化剂.这对几何异构体分别为:面式异构体[Co(Htsc)_3]Cl_3·3H_2O(C1,Htsc=氨基硫脲配体)和经式异构体[Co(Htsc)_3]Cl_3·4H_2O(C2).我们将几何异构体C1和C2作为水还原分子催化剂,与有机光敏剂荧光素一起构筑了不含贵金属成分的光催化分解水产氢体系.在三乙胺作为牺牲剂及纯水环境中,体系展现出了良好的光催化制氢性能.可见光照15 h后,体系产氢相对于催化剂的TON接近900.对比实验结果表明,具有这对几何异构的C1和C2具有相似的光催化产氢性能,暗示其催化机理的相似性.汞中毒实验结果表明,光催化分解水产氢过程中并没有钴纳米胶体形成,可以确定这是一个均相光催化分解水产氢体系.在纯水环境下,我们将C1和C2与传统的钴配合物(钴肟配合物:[Co(dmgH)_2pyCl](dmg H=丁二酮肟,py=吡啶);联吡啶钴配合物:[Co(bpy)_3Cl_2](bpy=2,2'-联吡啶))的催化活性进行对比.结果表明,催化剂C1和C2展现出了较强的光催化产氢活性.此外,电催化实验表明,在乙腈中且乙酸作为质子源的条件下,C1和C2具有相同的电催化活性,过电位接近640毫伏,催化转化频率(TOF)为每秒210.同时,在pH=7的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,C1和C2也同样表现出对水分子的电催化产氢性能,过电势为560毫伏.这是当前第一例具有几何异构体的分子催化剂对光、电催化产氢体系影响的工作.     

二氧化碳和水气氛对高钠煤转化过程中钠迁移的影响

对新疆的两种高钠煤（伊犁煤YL、呼图壁煤HTB）进行了N₂、CO₂和H₂O气氛和不同温度下钠迁移的研究。采用逐级萃取和湿法消解法确定了原煤、半焦中钠的赋存形态,定量研究了两种煤中钠的挥发及迁移规律。结果表明,YL煤的形态钠中水溶钠占80.08%,HTB煤的形态钠中不溶钠占61.54%。不同气氛下,升高温度都可促进两种煤中钠的挥发,半焦中水溶钠比例减小,醋酸铵可溶钠比例会出现先增加后减少现象,盐酸可溶钠比例呈增加趋势。对于YL煤,CO₂气氛可抑制钠的挥发,H₂O蒸气可促进钠的挥发;900℃时,YL煤CO₂气氛下钠挥发仅为N₂气氛下的50.25%,而H₂O气氛钠挥发为N₂气氛下的111.45%。对于HTB煤,CO₂气氛也可抑制钠的挥发,900℃时CO₂气氛下钠挥发为N₂气氛的80.91%;HTB煤在H₂O蒸气下,800℃之前钠挥发高于N₂,当900℃时,钠挥发略低于N₂气氛。YL煤形态钠中以水溶钠为主,其挥发的同时会向盐酸可溶钠及不溶钠转变。而HTB煤形态钠中以不溶钠为主,其次是水溶钠,CO₂和H₂O气氛能促进不溶钠向其他可溶态钠转变。     

夹心三明治结构的二十五核银硫簇合物[Ag_(25)(SC_6H_4Pr~i)_(18)(dppp)_6](CF_3SO_3)_7·CH_3CN:结构表征及光学性能（英文）

在本研究中,使用(~iPrC_6H_4SAg)_n作为合成银硫纳米簇合物的前驱体。当存在辅助的双膦配体1,3·双(二苯基膦)丙烷(dppp)及可溶性银盐(CF_3S0_3Ag),在超声合成条件下,获得了一例二十五核银硫簇合物Ag_(25),并借助X射线单晶衍射技术确定相应的分子结构。该银硫簇合物具有夹心三明治的骨架结构:分别由两个结构相似的圆柱体共享一个七核纯银簇所构成的金属簇平面。固态紫外可见漫反射光谱测试表明该簇合物的能级带隙为2.5 eV,属于半导体材料的范畴。固态发光测试显示,该簇合物在室温下发射绿光。     

Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol over Co-B Amorphous Catalysts Prepared by Chemical Reduction in Variable Media

Five Co-B amorphous alloy catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction in different media, including pure water and pure ethanol as well as the mixture of ethanol and water with variable ethanol content, Their catalytic properties were evaluated using liquid phase furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol as the probe reaction. It was found that the reaction media had no significant influence on either the amorphous structure of the Co-B catalyst or the electronic interaction between metallic Co and alloying B. This could successfully account for the fact that all the as-prepared Co-B catalysts exhibited almost the same selectivity to furfuryl alcohol and the same activity per surface area （ Rs ）, which could be considered as the intrinsic activity, since the nature of active sites remained unchanged. However, the activity per gram of Co （ R^mH ） of the as-prepared Co-B catalysts increased rapidly when the ethanol content in the water-ethanol mixture used as the reaction medium for catalyst preparation increased. This could be attributed to the rapid increase in the surface area possibly owing to the presence of more oxidized boron species which could serve as a support for dispersing the Co-B amorphous alloy particles.     

A Novel Inorganic-Organic Composite Constructed from Cobalt（Ⅱ）-Monosubstituted Polyoxometalates and Poly（amidoamine）-NH2 DendrimersA Novel Inorganic-Organic Composite Constructed from Cobalt（Ⅱ）-Monosubstituted Polyoxometalates and Poly（amidoamine）-NH2 Dendrimers

An inorganic-organic composite was prepared by poly（amidoamine） （PAMAM） dendrimer reacting with cobalt（Ⅱ）-monosubstituted polyoxometalates Na5Co^Ⅱ（H2O）PW11O39 （PW11CO） in an aqueous solution. The hybrid composite PW11Co/PAMAM was characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra （DR-UV-Vis）, XPS, XRD and TG/DTA, indicating that the PWI iCo was chemically anchored to PAMAM. The morphologies of the title composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The catalytic activity was evaluated by oxidation of isobutyraldehyde （IBA） to isobutyric acid （IBAc） in MeCN under mild conditions （20 ℃, ambient pressure）, showing that the title compound is a more effective and recoverable catalyst than corresponding PW11Co.     

碳酸的动力学稳定性

介绍了单体碳酸的动力学稳定性 ,讨论了水分子对碳酸分解速率的影响及溶液中碳酸不稳定的原因     

加氢精制催化剂的状态对吡啶加氢脱氮活性的影响

发现在同样反应条件下,各种不同类型的加氢精制催化剂还原态比硫化态的吡啶加氢脱氮活性要高得多,某些催化剂的吡啶脱氮率甚至要高出一个数量级以上。通过研究Ni/Ni+W原子比与硫化态和还原态NiO-WO_3/Al_2O_3催化剂吡啶加氢脱氮活性的关系,可以清楚地看出:在硫化态催化剂中钨的硫化物是主要活性组份,而镍的硫化物是助剂;另一方面,在还原态催化剂中主要活性物质是镍。通过对吡啶加氢脱氮反应机理的分析,认识到金属Ni和金属Co不仅具有很高的加氢功能,对氮己环中的C-N键断裂也具有很高的氢解功能。用热重法对NiO-WO_3/Al_2O_3催化剂体系进行还原动力学研究的结果表明:催化剂的还原度和初始还原活化能与吡啶加氢脱氮活性之间有很好的对应关系。对催化剂还原过程的动力学数据分别用Elovich方程和核增长模型进行数据处理,结果表明,Elovich方程能更好地反映催化剂还原的动力学特征。     

高效液相色谱法测定羊体内的丙硫咪唑缓释弹代谢产物的血药浓度

用反相高效液相色谱法追踪分析不同时间内羊血清中药物浓度的变化，以供药物代谢动力学研究。药物为丙硫咪唑砜和丙硫咪唑亚砜（简称砜和亚砜），实验条件为ＯＤＳ柱，流动相甲醇：水＝７：３（ｖ／ｖ），紫外检测波长为２９０ｎｍ。在３ｈ左右测定浓度达峰值，其最高浓度分别为４．０１μｇ／ｍＬ和１１．４７μｇ／ｍＬ，五天左右下降为２．７３μｇ／ｍＬ和１．３２μｇ／ｍＬ附近。最小检出量为０．４ｎｇ／ｍＬ及０．７ｎｇ／ｍＬ。线性关系良好。丙硫咪唑砜和亚砜的回归相关系数分别为０．９９９４和０．９９９１。采用内标法测定回收率，平均为１００±１２％。     

Group velocity matters for accurate prediction of phonon-limited carrier mobility

First-principles approaches have recently been developed to replace the phenomenological modeling approaches with adjustable parameters for calculating carrier mobilities in semiconductors. However, in addition to the high computational cost, it is still a challenge to obtain accurate mobility for carriers with a complex band structure, e.g., hole mobility in common semiconductors. Here, we present a computationally efficient approach using isotropic and parabolic bands to approximate the anisotropy valence bands for evaluating group velocities in the first-principles calculations. This treatment greatly reduces the computational cost in two ways: relieves the requirement of an extremely dense κ mesh to obtain a smooth change in group velocity, and reduces the 5-dimensional integral to 3-dimensional integral. Taking Si and SiC as two examples, we find that this simplified approach reproduces the full first-principles calculation for mobility. If we use experimental effective masses to evaluate the group velocity, we can obtain hole mobility in excellent agreement with experimental data over a wide temperature range. These findings shed light on how to improve the first-principles calculations towards predictive carrier mobility in high accuracy.     

考虑风险规避的供应链融资与信用保险组合模型研究

针对供应链的资金约束问题,考虑了由一个资金约束的零售商、资金充足的供应商、风险规避型银行以及保险公司组成的供应链融资系统,分别构建了风险规避型银行融资模型以及银行融资与信用保险的组合模型,给出了两种模型中供应链融资系统成员的最优决策。研究表明:与传统风险规避型的银行融资模型相比,银行融资与信用保险的组合模型能够有效地增加零售商的融资规模,并降低银行的损失风险,从而信用保险能够给整个供应链融资系统带来严格帕累托改进。最后,通过数值算例说明了研究结论的有效性。