接触应力对轮轨材料滚动摩擦磨损性能影响

利用MMS-2A型微机控制摩擦磨损试验机研究了接触应力对轮轨材料的滚动摩擦磨损性能影响.结果表明：随接触应力的增加,滚动摩擦系数呈增加趋势,车轮和钢轨试样磨损加剧;相同接触应力水平下,车轮试样磨损量大于钢轨试样,表面损伤严重;随接触应力的增加,车轮试样表面从犁沟且轻微剥落向严重剥落损伤转变,钢轨试样表面损伤主要表现为犁沟效应并伴随有剥落现象,但相比车轮试样的剥离损伤要轻微.     

基于新的随机选择方式的随机Kaczmarz算法

正1引言Kaczmarz算法[8]是求解超定相容线性方程组的最受欢迎的方法之一,Ax=b,(1.1)其中矩阵A=(a_(ij))∈C~(m×n)(m≥n),b=(b_1,b_2,…,b_m)~T∈C~m,a_i~T(i=1,2,…,m)表示矩阵A的行.由于其简单且收敛速度快,Kaczmarz算法的应用范围非常广泛,最早是被     

Peptide backbone-copper ring structure: A molecular insight into copper-induced amyloid toxicity

Copper ions can promote amyloid diseases that are associated with amyloid peptides, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains obscure. Here we present that Cu²⁺ is able to specifically bind to the backbone of T2D-related human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) by forming a ring structure, which causes the reduction of Cu²⁺ to Cu⁺ to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the modulation of hIAPP aggregation. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that Cu²⁺ bound to the backbone of a turn region, His18—Ser21, which is critical for hIAPP aggregation. Ab initio calculations and x-ray absorption fine structure analyses revealed that Cu²⁺ simultaneously bound with both the amide nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen on the peptide backbone, resulting in a ring structure, and causing the reduction of Cu²⁺ to Cu⁺ to form a hIAPP-Cu⁺ complex. 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate fluorescence measurements further indicated that this complex led to enhanced ROS levels in rat insulinoma cells. Additionally, thioflavin T fluorescence and atomic force microscopy measurements denoted that the backbone-Cu ring structure largely modulated hIAPP aggregation, including the inhibition of hIAPP fibrillation and the promotion of peptide oligomerization. These findings shed new light on the molecular mechanism of Cu²⁺-induced amyloid toxicity involving both the enhancement of ROS and the modulation of hIAPP aggregation.     

Measurement of Eccentricity of the Centre of Mass from the Geometric Centre of a Sphere

The eccentricity of the centre of mass from the geometric centre of a spherical attracting mass in determining the Newtonian gravitational constant G is tested by means of an electronic balance. The experimental result shows that the eccentricity of the sample is about 0.31 μm with uncertainty of 0.05μm. Two density distribution models are discussed to estimate the uncertainty to G by the eccentricities of the attracting masses.     

闪电成像仪虚警率和探测率模拟计算

在明确虚警率和探测率概念基础上,建立了虚警率和探测率与信噪比之间相互关系的定量模型,通过模拟计算给出信噪比对虚警率和探测率的影响.计算结果表明:要使虚警率控制在10%以内,信噪比应该达到5.0以上;要使探测率达到90%,信噪比应该达到5.2～5.7.     

稀土/高分子杂化发光材料的研究

用SiO2为无机组份和以与SiO2具有相似折射率和优良力学性能的丙烯酸类如甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA），在交联剂3－（三甲氧基硅）丙基甲基丙烯酸酯（MSMA）存在下，快速制备了两种杂化基质材料SiO2/P(MMA-MSMA)和SiO2/P(HEMA-MSMA)。分别以盐酸和六次甲基四胺作为酸性催化剂和碱性催化剂，建立了快速制备透明凝胶的两步溶胶－凝胶法，大大缩短了溶胶的成胶时间，所得杂化材料具有良好的光学透明性，利用此方法制备了掺杂稀土配合物的多种发光杂化材料。采用组装的方法，得到了稀土配合物与层次化合物α－磷酸氢锆（α－ZrP)及中孔分子筛材料MCM－41的组装体，并对所制备的杂化材料进行了表征。另外，将稀土配合物通过共价键嫁接于无机SiO2基质中，得到了含有稀土配合物的分子杂化材料。     

β-环糊精与1,2-苯并蒽络合的荧光研究

通过测量荧光寿命和荧光光谱,研究了1,2-苯并蒽(BA),9,10-二甲基-1,2-苯并蒽(DMBA)与β-环糊精(β-CD)络合过程及荧光猝灭。计算出络合平衡常数和猝灭常数。结果表明,BA与β-CD发生了络合作用,DMBA几乎不与β-CD络合。加入β-CD可使荧光分子的,聚集态与单体间的平衡向生成单体的方向移动,碘离子对BA的猝灭作用也明显减弱。     

位移传感器演示装置的制作

通过自制的位移传感器演示装置可以对霍尔磁阻效应、 一种小位移测量传感器原理和方法进行演示和 探究. 在课堂教学、 课程设计等场合,直观显示霍尔元件的各种效应和技术应用, 有着良好的教学效果     

曲线半径对钢轨磨损影响的数值计算与试验分析

用数值计算方法详细分析了静态接触情况下,轮轨接触质点间蠕滑力、黏滑区的分布和摩擦功随曲线半径的变化,利用模拟试验研究了曲线半径对钢轨试样磨损特性的影响.结果表明:钢轨磨损量随曲线半径的增大呈非线性减小,在小于1 200 m的小曲线半径范围内,钢轨磨损量值随曲线半径的减小而急剧增大;随着曲线半径的增大,轮轨接触斑中最大滑动量逐渐减小,滑移区的面积减小,而黏着区的面积增大;轮轨接触斑上摩擦功随曲线半径的增大呈非线性的减小.