合成Z=119, 120超重核的理论研究

合成Z=119,120超重核是当今各核物理实验室争相追逐的目标,理论预言可靠的弹靶组合、入射能等信息有助于超重核合成的实验设计和探测。本工作基于双核模型研究影响重离子核反应生成截面大小的反应机制,计算了$^{50}{\rm{Ti}}$+$^{249}{\rm{Bk}}$、$^{50}{\rm{Ti}}$+$^{249}{\rm{Cf}}$两个弹靶组合,预测$^{50}{\rm{Ti}}$+$^{249}{\rm{Bk}}$的生成截面为0.021 1 pb。考虑双核系统熔合与存活两个过程,重点关注$^{52-59}{\rm{Cr}}$+$^{243}{\rm{Am}}$、$^{54-62}{\rm{Mn}}$+$^{243}{\rm{Am}}$、$^{56-72}{\rm{Ni}}$+$^{238}{\rm{U}}$生成截面的同位素链依赖性,研究表明熔合几率随弹核质量数呈现强烈的依赖行为,直接影响蒸发剩余截面大小。     

超重核294118和291116及其α衰变链上各核素半衰期的研究

运用推广的液滴模型（GLDM）确定了超重核294118和291116及其α衰变链上各核素的衰变势垒, 采用量子力学中的WKB方法计算α衰变中的势垒穿透几率, 对该链上各原子核的α衰变半衰期进行了研究。 此外, 还利用Royer公式对该链上各原子核的α衰变半衰期进行了计算。 结果表明, GLDM 考虑亲和能与Royer公式给出的α衰变半衰期与超重核区的实验值符合很好, 验证了GLDM和Royer公式在超重核区的适用性,可以用来预测超重核的半衰期。 最后, 预言了Z=118 和116 同位素链上各核素的半衰期, 结果表明, 在Z=118和116中存在α衰变长寿命同位素, 这需要实验上的检验。The α decay potential barrier of the newly synthesized superheavy nuclei starting from 294118 and 291116 have been determined and their half lives have been studied with the Generalized Liquid Drop Model(GLDM) connected with WKB approximation and Royer’s formulae．The α decay half lives of the nuclei belonging to the superheavy nuclei starting from 294118 and 291116 have been calculated．The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data, which show that the α decay half lives of superheavy nuclei with the GLDM and Royer’s formulae can be applied in the studying on superheavy nuclei successfully．Finally, the half lives of Z=118 and 116 isotopes have been predicted, and the results suggest there may be some long lived superheavy nuclei for α decay in those isotopes.     

Properties and structure of N=Z nuclei within relativistic mean field theory

The axially deformed relativistic mean field theory with the force NLSH has been performed in the blocked BCS approximation to investigate the properties and structure of N=Z nuclei from Z=20 to Z=48. Some ground state quantities such as binding energies, quadrupole deformations, one/two-nucleon separation energies, root-mean-square （rms） radii of charge and neutron, and shell gaps have been calculated. The results suggest that large deformations can be found in medium-heavy nuclei with N=Z=38-42. The charge and neutron rms radii increase rapidly beyond the magic number N=Z=28 until Z=42 with increasing nucleon number, which is similar to isotope shift, yet beyond Z=42, they decrease dramatically as the structure changes greatly from Z=42 to Z=43. The evolution of shell gaps with proton number Z can be clearly observed. Besides the appearance of possible new shell closures, some conventional shell closures have been found to disappear in some region. In addition, we found that the Coulomb interaction is not strong enough to breakdown the shell structure of protons in the current region.     

Effects of shell correction on α decay properties

The shell correction effects on the α decay properties of heavy and superheavy nuclei have been studied in a macroscopic-microscopic manner. The macroscopic part is constructed from the generalized liquid drop model(GLDM), whereas the microscopic part, namely, the shell correction energy, brings about certain effects on the potential barriers and half-lives under a WKB approximation, which is emphasized in this work. The results show that the shell effects play a significant role in the estimation of the α decay half-lives within the actinide region.Predictions of the α decay half-lives are then generated for superheavy nuclei, which will provide useful information for future experiments.     

Spontaneous Fission Barriers Based on a Generalized Liquid Drop Model

The barrier against the spontaneous fission has been determined within the Generalized Liquid Drop Model （GLDM） including the mass and charge asymmetry, and the proximity energy. The shell correction of the spherical parent nucleus is calculated by using the Strutinsky method, and the empirical shape-dependent shell correction is 6mp10yed during the deformation process. A quasi-molecular shape sequence has been defined to describe the whole process from one-body shape to two-body shape system, and a two-touching-ellipsoid is adopted when the superdeformed one-body system reaches the rupture point. On these bases the spontaneous fission barriers are systematically studied for nuclei from 2a~Th to 249 Cm for different possible exiting channels with the different mass and charge asymmetries. The double, and triple bumps are found in the fission potential energy in this region, which roughly agree with the experimental results. It is found that at around Sn-like fragment the outer fission barriers are lower, while the partner of the Sn-like fragment is in the range near l~SRu where the ground-state mass is lowered by allowing axially symmetric shapes. The preferable fission channels are distinctly pronounced, which should be corresponding to the fragment mass distributions.     

Half-Lives for Alpha Radioactivity of Elements with 104 ≤ Z ≤ 120 within Unified Fission Model

α decay half-lives are calculated using the Qα values obtained by Semi-empirical Shell Model in the framework of the Unified Fission Model (UFM) with the Coulomb repulsion, nuclear attraction due to proximity potential, and rotational energy due to angular momentum transfer of α particle. In addition, the calculated and experimental half-lives of 425 nuclei are compared to check the validity of the model applied on α decay. The calculated half-lives of α decay are in good agreement with the experimental data. Finally, some usefulpredications on the α decay half-lives are provided for future experiments.