Amino‐Containing Ultrafine Organosilica‐Nanoparticle‐Modified Au Electrode for the Determination of Cu(II) Ions

Using 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES) as a single silica source, an amino‐rich ultrafine organosilica‐nanoparticle‐modified Au electrode was fabricated, following the formation of (3‐mercaptopropyl)‐trimethoxysilane (MPTS) monolayer on Au surface (MPTS/Au). With cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as an additive, APTES‐based gel particles on the electrode have a narrow particle size distribution of 4–7 nm and “crystal‐like” structure. AFM and electrochemical characterization confirmed the successful grafting of APTES nanoparticles on MPTS/Au. The APTES/MPTS/Au electrode is highly sensitive for the detection of copper(II) ions with a detection limit as low as 1.6×10^?12 mol L^?1 (S/N>3) by square wave voltammetry. The current is linear to copper(II) concentration between 1.6×10^?12 and 6.25×10^?10 mol L^?1.     

Synthesis and Properties of a Sulfonic Acid-Containing Gemini Surfactant

A novel sulfonic acid-containing gemini surfactant, 6,6′-(butane-1,4-diylbis(oxy)) bis(3-nonylbenzenesulfonic acid), 9BA-4-9BA, was synthesized in high purity and high yield using a facile preparation pathway, and characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and elemental analysis. The content of two sulfonic acid groups was measured by the acid-base titration. DSC and TGA were used to reveal the thermal properties and the product purity. The surface properties of 9BA-4-9BA were evaluated by equilibrium surface tension measurement. It shows that its CMC was 0.65 mmol/L, while the C₂₀ of 0.018 mmol/L was above two orders of magnitude lower than that of traditional monomeric surfactants such as SDS and SDBS, indicating excellent efficiency of micelle formation and reduced surface tension.     

浅海声场单模激发的自适应逆控制算法

提出了一种基于自适应逆控制理论的单模激发闭环控制算法,采用ε-滤波LMS结构,以期望单模声压矢量作为控制指令,并引入抖动信号,通过误差抵消和误差过滤技术,自适应生成对象控制器。计算结果: (1)期望波形能量与均方误差能量之比SER曲线能较快地达以信噪比SNR为极限的平稳线; (2)控制器c的收敛不以对象Q的自适应准确为前提,即对对象的抖动不敏感。结果表明对于由声源阵列和水听器阵列构成的多输入多输出(MIMO)单模激发控制系统,算法简单、有效,能很好地消除海域对象的扰动和噪声,在浅海波导中激发预期单模。     

求解微粒吸收指数的改进算法

在燃煤锅炉炉膛的辐射换热中，飞灰是一种重要媒体，吸收指数Ｋ是影响其辐射换热的十分关键的参量。测量微粒的ＫＢｒ压片的透射光谱，并利用ＭＩＥ理论，求解得微粒的光辐射特性，这是目前较通用的方法。然而，原有处理实验数据计算ｋ值的算法与实验本身所能满足的条件之间存在相当的误差，成为影响该方法精度和广泛使用的一个制约。本文提出了一种迭代算法，用于实际，既可提高ｋ的精度，又能减少测量工作量，扩大测量范围，具有明显的实际意义。     

基于摄动法分析重力坝损伤的概率密度演化过程

提出了一种对重力坝进行损伤概率演化过程分析的方法.首先,使用虚拟激励法和Mazars损伤模型分析了初始迭代过程中,在坝体在确定性静力荷载和随机的地震荷载激励下的重力坝损伤因子期望值与方差的计算;然后基于摄动法分析了在其余迭代过程中,重力坝损伤因子的概率密度演化过程.最后,给出了实例分析,并分析了坝体的损伤分布情况以及本...     

SIZE EFFECTS OF ELASTIC MODULUS OF FCC METALS BASED ON THE CAUCHY-BORN RULE AND NANOPLATE MODELS

In the present research, a simple quasi-continuum model, the Cauchy-Born rule model, is used to investigate the size effects of elastic modulus for fcc metals. By considering a nanoplate model and calculating the strain energy for the nano-sized plate under tension and bending, the relationship between the elastic modulus and the plate thickness is found. Size effects of the elastic modulus are displayed by the relative differences of the elastic modulus between the nano-sized plate sample and the bulk sample. By comparing the present results with those of others, the effectiveness of the Cauchy-Born rule model in studying the size effects of material properties are shown.     

贵金属纳米团簇的制备及在生物检测中的应用

介绍了贵金属纳米团簇(noble metallic nanoclusters, NMNCs)的研究现状及其作为一种新型荧光标记纳米材料在生物检测中的重要作用。重点总结了贵金属纳米团簇的优异性质、三种常用的制备方法(模板法、单分子层保护法和蚀刻法)及其近年来在生物传感器、生物探针、细胞标记及成像等领域的应用进展。简要评述和展望了贵金属纳米团簇的发展方向和应用前景。     

Preparation of Au Nanoparticles Decorated Polyaniline Nanotube and Its Catalytic Oxidation to Ascorbic Acid

With sulfonated electrospun polystyrene fiber as a template, uniform polyaniline(PANI) nanotubes were fabricated via polymerization of aniline followed by template removal. Au nanoparticles(Au_nano) were decorated on the PANI nanotube successfully via auto-reduction of HAuCl₄ on the PANI nanotube. The morphology of the nanotubes was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmittance electron microscopy(TEM). By varying precursor concentration and incubation time, Au_nano-PANI with different size of Au_nano was obtained conveniently. Glassy carbon electrode modified with the Au_nano decorated PANI nanotubes (Au_nano-PANI/GCE) was prepared and used seccessfully for the catalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid(AA). The results of differential pulse voltammetry indicate that there is a good linear relationship between the peak currents and the concentrations of AA in the range of 5-3000 μmol/L, with the limit of detection of 1 μmol/L(S/N>3). There is no mutual interference between AA and dopamine. The electrode has been successfully applied in the detection of AA in vitamin C tablet sample.     

浸泡处理对海产品中亚硝酸盐的去除效果研究

食用海产品中亚硝酸盐对人体健康有一定危害。以海产品对虾干为实验材料,参照国家标准采用分光光度法测量浸泡处理前后的亚硝酸盐含量,研究蒸馏水、食盐水和多种蔬菜浸泡处理去除亚硝酸盐的效果。结果显示洋葱、大蒜等9种蔬菜浸泡液对海产品中亚硝酸盐都有一定的去除效果,但并不比蒸馏水、食盐水浸泡处理效果明显。蒸馏水和食盐水浸泡处理的去除率可达83.4%和87.1%,且处理过程简单易行,推荐用于去除食用海产品中所含的亚硝酸盐。     

磺化石墨烯/活性炭复合电极的制备及其不对称电容器脱盐

在还原剂NaBH₄存在下, 采用对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐与氧化石墨(GO)表面共价键合制备磺化石墨烯(GP-SO₃H). 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)证明磺酸基团在石墨烯表面接枝. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了磺化石墨烯的表面形貌. 以磺化石墨烯为添加剂, 制备了磺化石墨烯/活性炭(GP-SO₃H/AC)复合电极. 循环伏安及阻抗分析结果表明, 该复合电极的电容特性及导电性有明显改善. 以活性炭电极为对电极组装了不对称电容器(GP-SO₃H/AC|AC), 研究了该不对称电容器的电化学脱盐性能. 与对称电容器(AC|AC)相比, 不对称电容器中由于电极内磺酸基团对反离子的屏蔽作用, 电容器的电流效率达到89.4%以上, 脱盐量提高2.4倍, 单个循环脱盐量达到10.87 mg/g.