核酸适配子探针对转移性大肠癌细胞的多靶点成像及其靶标的定量分析

利用核酸适配子对肿瘤细胞的高亲和力靶向识别功能以及量子点的高荧光发射强度和光稳定性等特性,制备了识别不同靶点的核酸适配子探针,将其联合使用实现了对肿瘤细胞的多靶点成像及其靶标的定量分析.使用通过Cell-SELEX技术筛选得到的可特异性识别转移性大肠癌细胞系Lo Vo的7个核酸适配子,分别与量子点QD605偶联制备分子探针.基于流式细胞术的竞争实验结果表明,7个探针可特异性识别靶细胞的不同靶点,相互之间无识别干扰.对靶细胞的荧光成像表明,与单一探针相比,多个探针联合使用可明显提高细胞表面的荧光信号强度,且阳性细胞检出率明显增多,显示出更高的检测灵敏度.使用流式细胞术及荧光成像定量方法分析了7个探针对不同转移特性大肠癌细胞系的识别能力,结果表明,多个探针联合使用可有效评价大肠癌细胞的转移潜能.本研究证实通过多个核酸适配子探针的联合使用可有效提高对靶细胞识别的灵敏度和准确性,为核酸适配子的广泛应用及大肠癌的靶向诊断提供了新的思路和手段.     

Direct electrochemical detection of kanamycin based on peroxidase-like activity of gold nanoparticles

An enzyme-free, ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of kanamycin residue was achieved based on mimetic peroxidase activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and target-induced replacement of the aptamer. AuNPs which were synthesized using tyrosine as a reducing and capping agent, exhibited mimetic peroxidase activity. In the presence of kanamycin-specific aptamer, however, the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) adsorbed on the surface of AuNPs via the interaction between the bases of ssDNA and AuNPs, and therefore blocked the catalytic site of AuNPs, and inhibited their peroxidase activity. While in the presence of target kanamycin, it bound with the adsorbed aptamer on AuNPs with high affinity, exposed the surface of AuNPs and recovered the peroxidase activity. Then AuNPs catalyzed the reaction between H₂O₂ and reduced thionine to produce oxidized thionine. The latter exhibited a distinct reduction peak on gold electrode in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and could be utilized to quantify the concentration of kanamycin. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed electrochemical assay showed an extremely high sensitivity towards kanamycin, with a linear relationship between the peak current and the concentration of kanamycin in the range of 0.1–60 nM, and a detection limit of 0.06 nM. Moreover, the established approach was successfully applied in the detection of kanamycin in honey samples. Therefore, the proposed electrochemical assay has great potential in the fields of food quality control and environmental monitoring.     

Methods developed for SELEX

SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) is a process that involves the progressive purification from a combinatorial library of nucleic acid ligands with a high affinity for a particular target by repeated rounds of partitioning and amplification. With the development of aptamer technology over the last decade, various modified SELEX processes have arisen that allow various aptamers to be developed against a wide variety of molecules, irrespective of the target size. In the present review, the separation methods used in such SELEX processes are reviewed.     

Surface plasmon resonance imaging for affinity analysis of aptamer–protein interactions with PDMS microfluidic chips

We report on the use of PDMS multichannels for affinity studies of DNA aptamer–human Immunoglobulin E (IgE) interactions by surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). The sensing surface was prepared with thiol-terminated aptamers through a self-assembling process in the PDMS channels defined on a gold substrate. Cysteamine was codeposited with the thiol aptamers to promote proper spatial arrangement of the aptamers and thus maintain their optimal binding efficiencies. Four aptamers with different nucleic acid sequences were studied to test their interaction affinity toward IgE, and the results confirmed that aptamer I (5′-SH-GGG GCA CGT TTA TCC GTC CCT CCT AGT GGC GTG CCC C-3′) has the strongest binding affinity. Control experiments were conducted with a PEG-functionalized surface and IgG was used to replace IgE in order to verify the selective binding of aptamer I to the IgE molecules. A linear concentration-dependent relationship between IgE and aptamer I was obtained, and a 2-nM detection limit was achieved. SPRi data were further analyzed by global fitting, and the dissociation constant of aptamer I–IgE complex was found to be 2.7 × 10⁻⁷ M, which agrees relatively well with the values reported in the literature. Aptamer affinity screening by SPR imaging demonstrates marked advantages over competing methods because it does not require labeling, can be used in real-time, and is potentially high-throughput. The ability to provide both qualitative and quantitative results on a multichannel chip further establishes SPRi as a powerful tool for the study of biological interactions in a multiplexed format. Figure The SPRi sensograms and thier global fits for aptamer I and IgE interactions. Insert in the difference image obtained with the PDMS microchannel flow cell for aptamer IV, III, and I (from left to right     

基于磁珠分离的酶联适配体检测痕量蛋白质的新型比色分析方法

以核酸适配体作为高效专一的识别/传感元件, 构建了一种新型的磁性分离和特异性捕获的检测方法. 两个适配体通过简单的生物素化修饰, 利用其与凝血酶不同位点的高亲和力形成夹心结构, 其中连接适配体的磁珠可捕获蛋白质, 加入另一个适配体及链霉亲和素标记的辣根过氧化物酶后, 通过比色法实现靶蛋白检测. 该法操作简单, 分析时间短, 对凝血酶的线性响应范围为 10~80 nmol/L, 检出限为 10 nmol/L.     

Monitoring surface-assisted biomolecular assembly by means of evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode nanobiosensors

Biological self-assembly is a natural process that involves various biomolecules, and finding the missing partner in these interactions is crucial for a specific biological function. Previously, we showed that evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode sensor in conjunction with a SiO₂ waveguide, the surfaces which contain cylindrical nanometric holes produced by atomic bombardment, allowed us to detect efficiently the biomolecular interactions. In the present studies, we showed that the assembly of biomolecules can be monitored using the evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode biosensor and thus provide a methodology in monitoring assembly process in macromolecular machines while they are assembling. Evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode sensor Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

用适配体修饰纳米金做共振瑞利散射光谱探针检测妥布霉素

用硼氢化钠还原氯金酸制备了金纳米粒子(GN),用妥布霉素适配体(Apt)修饰GN可获得较稳定的Apt-GN探针。在pH 6.8 Na₂HPO₄-NaH₂PO₄(PBS)缓冲液及NaCl存在下,Apt-GN探针稳定而不聚集;当有妥布霉素(Tbc)存在时,它与Apt-GN探针中的Apt特异性结合并释放出纳米金,纳米金在NaCl作用下聚集,导致体系在368 nm处的共振瑞利散射光增强。在选定实验条件下,368 nm处的共振散射峰强度的增大值ΔI与抗生素妥布霉素(Tbc)浓度在1.9～58.3 ng·mL-1范围内呈良好线性关系,其线性回归方程为ΔI=35.3c-23,检出限为0.8 ng·mL-1 妥布霉素。分别对10.0,20.0和30.0 ng·mL-1 Tbc平行测定5次,求得其相对标准偏差分别为6.8%,5.0%和4.4%。考察了共存离子对测定38.9 ng·mL-1 妥布霉素的干扰情况。结果表明,当相对误差在±10%以内,80倍Zn2+;40倍L-谷氨酸,Cu2+,Mg2+,Ca2+;20倍葡萄糖、盐酸土霉素;10倍L-苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸;2倍L-天冬氨酸;6倍HSA和BSA不干扰测定。这说明本方法具有较好的选择性。该法用于分析测定妥布霉素滴眼液中的妥布霉素含量,结果令人满意,相对标准偏差在6.5%～7.6%之间,回收率在95.0%～107%之间。     

非标记型血小板衍生生长因子核酸适体传感器

合成了介孔二氧化硅负载金纳米颗粒(Au-MSN), 通过壳聚糖(CHIT)将Au-MSN固定到裸玻碳电极表面, 采用自组装法将带巯基的血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)核酸适体固定到Au-MSN修饰过的玻碳电极表面, 制得PDGF核酸适体传感器. 以亚甲基蓝作为电化学活性嵌入剂, 通过检测核酸适体与目标分析物PDGF特异性结合前后亚甲基蓝电信号的变化, 实现了对PDGF的定量检测. 考察了缓冲溶液的pH、 扫描速度及PDGF培育时间等条件对检测结果的影响. 结果表明, 在pH为7.6时, 该传感器的检测范围为0.1 pg/mL~1 μg/mL, 检出限为0.03 pg/mL. 该传感器制作简单、 成本低廉、 灵敏度高且稳定性好.     

基于微磁珠分离技术的适配体实时定量PCR检测方法

利用适配体的识别能力和可扩增性, 构建了基于微磁珠分离技术的适配体实时定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测方法. 通过微磁珠偶联的互补链与适配体序列之间的碱基配对结合, 有效除去溶液中未与靶分子结合的适配体序列, 采用实时定量PCR技术测定上清液中结合态的适配体序列浓度, 从而间接实现对靶分子的定量检测. 分别选取代表生物大分子和有机小分子的凝血酶和ATP作为检测对象, 验证了该方法的普适性. 研究结果表明, 在获取特异性适配体序列后, 仅需简单优化其互补链序列, 即可对超低含量的凝血酶和ATP进行准确定量, 检出限分别为50 pmol/L和5 μmol/L. 该方法具有同时适用于高特异性和高灵敏度地检测生物大分子和有机小分子的优势.     

An electrochemical aptasensor for chiral peptide detection using layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolyte-methylene blue/polyelectrolyte-graphene multilayer

Here we demonstrate for the first time that by physically adsorbing aptamer onto conductive film assembled via alternate adsorption of graphene/polyelectrolyte and methylene blue/polyelectrolyte, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for peptide detection is constructed. Graphene multilayer derived from layer-by-layer assembly has played significant roles in this sensing strategy: allowing accumulation of methylene blue, facilitating electron transfer and providing much more adsorption site. As compared to previous electrochemical aptasensors, the current sensor based on graphene multilayer alternated with electroactive molecule layer offers extremely high capability for sensitive detection of target without interference of environmental surrounding. This electroactive probe-confined graphene multilayer confers great flexibility to combine with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) together. In the presence of target d entiomer of arginine vasopressin (d-VP), the binding of peptide to aptamer block the electron transfer process of MB, leading to decreased current peak of DPV. By this way, this electrochemical aptasensor based on electroactive molecule-intercalated graphene multilayer provide highly sensitive and specific detection of d-VP with the lowest detectable concentration of 1 ng mL⁻¹ and a wide detection range from 1 to 265 ng mL⁻¹.