Comparison of dynamically coated SE-54, SP-2250 and carbowax 20M wall-coated open tubular (WCOT) glass capillary columns,prepared after surface pretreatment with Superox™-4 or with BaCO3

A new surface pretreatment for the preparation of wall-coated open tubular (WCOT) glass capillary columns has been evaluated. This technique involves the application of a non-extractable layer of Superox?-4, a 4,000,000 MW polyethylene glycol, to the glass surface as a pretreatment and deactivation agent. Unlike other polyethylene glycols, Superox-4 is stable at high temperatures (> 300°C) in the absence of oxygen, coats smoothly onto a bare glass surface and resists droplet formation. WCOT columns (SE-54, Carbowax 20M, and SP-2250) prepared using this technique are compared to columns prepared using a modified Grob [2,3] BaCO₃ procedure. The Superox-4 pretreated columns were equal or superior in quality to the BaCO₃ pretreated columns, based on the appearance of an activity standard and the effective theoretical plates (N_eff) per meter. Chromatograms showing practical application of the WCOT columns prepared using both methods is given.     

Regeneration of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts used for tetrachloroethylene hydrodechlorination

The deactivation of the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst used for the hydrodechlorination of tetrachloroethylene (TTCE) is caused by both the carbonaceous deposits and by the hydrogen chloride produced in the reaction. In this work, several regeneration procedures have been tested, concluding that the best procedure is the leaching with ammonia, followed by calcinations and reduction. This procedure leads to an important recovery of the initial activity. The catalyst regenerated with this treatment is even less prone to deactivation that the fresh catalyst.     

Measurement of heterogeneously catalyzed gas reactions by DSC

Gas reactions, catalyzed by solid catalysts, can be measured by DSC. In the experimental set-up an open sample pan with catalyst (powder or pellet) is placed on the sample side of the DSC sensor. The reactive gas mixture flows through the cell and reacts on the catalyst surface. The heat effect, caused by this reaction, results into a DSC signal.The calibration procedure is described for quantitative evaluation of the DSC measurements. For illustration four different reaction systems are discussed.     

TiO2光催化剂失活机理研究进展

评述了TiO₂多相光催化剂在处理环境污染物领域的催化剂失活研究进展,主要探讨了气固多相光催化反应过程影响催化剂活性的因素,液固多 相光催化反应的催化剂失活的几种途径,以及解决催化剂失活问题的办法,最后对该领域的研究提出建议.     

浆态相甲醇合成催化剂的失活机理

 浆态床甲醇合成过程具有重要的工业应用价值,影响该过程工业化的根本原因是催化剂易失活. 以合成气为原料,医用液体石蜡为溶剂,在5 MPa, 260 ℃和 1100 ml/(g·h)的反应条件下于浆态床反应器中考察了铜基甲醇合成工业催化剂C301的稳定性,并采用程序升温还原、 X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、 扫描电镜能谱、元素分析和N2物理吸附等表征方法对不同失活程度的催化剂的物相组成和形貌进行了表征. 结果表明,在本实验条件下,失活催化剂无中毒现象,但随着反应时间的延长,催化剂晶粒长大,比表面积减小,积炭和热烧结现象较明显,但不伴随活性组分铜的流失.     

醋酸仲丁酯加氢反应中Cu/B/Ca/Al_2O_3催化剂的失活及再生

Cu/B/Ca/Al2O3催化剂在长达1 118 h的催化醋酸仲丁酯加氢反应中出现了明显的失活.经过对比分析反应前、后和再生催化剂的组成、形貌和结构,发现金属铜粒子在长时间反应后无明显聚集,醋酸仲丁酯加氢反应中部分氧化钙向醋酸钙转变而引起催化剂结构的改变以及有机物种在催化剂表面的沉积是其失活的根本原因.失活后的催化剂经过350℃空气焙烧再生能够有效消除表面沉积的醋酸钙和有机物种,基本恢复催化剂的结构及其催化醋酸仲丁酯加氢反应的性能.     

Graft modification of chitosan,cellulose and alginate using reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP)

This perspective covers the most recent literature on the graft-modification of the natural polymers celluloses, chitosan and alginate through reversible deactivation radical polymerization (NMP, ATRP and RAFT). The different routes to obtain well-defined polysaccharide-based hybrids including “grafting from” and “grafting to” approaches, and their applications as composite, stimuli-responsive, and biomaterials are discussed.     

Bridging the Time Gap: A Copper/Zinc Oxide/Aluminum Oxide Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis Studied under Industrially Relevant Conditions and Time Scales

Long‐term stability of catalysts is an important factor in the chemical industry. This factor is often underestimated in academic testing methods, which may lead to a time gap in the field of catalytic research. The deactivation behavior of an industrially relevant Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalyst for the synthesis of methanol is reported over a period of 148 days time‐on‐stream (TOS). The process was investigated by a combination of quasi in situ and ex situ analysis techniques. The results show that ZnO is the most dynamic species in the catalyst, whereas only slight changes can be observed in the Cu nanoparticles. Thus, the deactivation of this catalyst is driven by the changes in the ZnO moieties. Our findings indicate that methanol synthesis is an interfacially mediated process between Cu and ZnO.     

Catalyst Deactivation during α-Pinene Isomerization. Fe-Mn-Promoted Sulfated Zirconium Oxide

This works studies the deactivation of zirconium oxide, promoted by iron and manganese catalysts (SZFM), during the -pinene isomerization. Experiments were done in liquid phase by using a batch reactor, and the solid crystalline structure was studied by XRD while the acidity by FTIR. The deactivated catalyst exhibited coke deposits and lost its Brönsted acidity, though it still kept its crystalline structure. The nature of the coke deposit formed was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as by Temperature Programmed Oxidation (TPO). Regeneration was done in air flow, where the temperature required to restore Brönsted acidity and to totally eliminate the coke deposits was of about 873 K.     

催化燃烧去除VOCs污染物的最新进展

催化燃烧是目前最有效的处理挥发性有机物(VOCs)技术之一. 本文从催化剂活性组分、催化剂载体、有效组分颗粒大小、水蒸汽的影响及催化燃烧反应中的积碳等几个方面, 对近年来催化燃烧处理VOCs的研究进行了总结. 分析表明: 贵金属催化剂的研究主要着重于选择有效的载体和双组分贵金属催化剂; 非贵金属催化剂的研究主要集中在高活性的过渡金属复合氧化物、钙钛矿和尖晶石型等催化剂的研制, 还有这些活性组分粒径大小及载体对催化燃烧VOCs反应活性的影响;此外, 在实际应用中,水蒸汽和催化剂积碳失活等问题对催化燃烧VOCs的反应也有很大影响. 本文的评述将为选择合适的催化燃烧技术处理VOCs污染物提供一定参考.