各向同性矩形薄板的大振幅振动及其辐射声功率计算

采用有限元和模态叠加理论分析了固支及简支各向同性矩形薄板在集中简谐力作用下的大振幅振动,得出了薄板表面的法向振速分布,并采用声辐射模态法计算了薄板的辐射声功率.首先采用有限元理论推导了基于yon Karman几何非线性应变-位移关系的薄板非线性有限元运动方程,然后通过有限元模态约简法(finite element mo...     

弹性微管内气泡的非线性受迫振动

将弹性管壁视为膜弹性结构, 探索在外部声场作用下弹性微管内液柱-气泡-管壁构成耦合振动系统的非线性特征. 利用逐级近似法对系统非线性共振频率、基频和三倍频振动幅值响应、 分频激励共振机理等进行了理论分析. 基频和三倍频振动的幅-频响应数值结果表明: 气泡的轴向共振和管壁共振不能同时出现; 两垂直方向的振动均表现出幅值响应多值性, 进而可能引起系统的不稳定声响应; 三倍频振动在低频区的声响应强于高频区. 关键词： 弹性微管 受迫振动 非线性振动 气泡声响应     

单向纤维增强复合板弹性常数的反演方法研究

利用小波变换和人工神经网络技术,对激光激发单向纤维增强复合板产生的兰姆波信号进行分析,进而反演出单向纤维增强复合板的弹性常数。对小波变换和神经网络算法加以优化以提高反演结果的准确性,并分别对纤维方向和垂直于纤维方向的实验波形进行弹性常数的反演,两个方向的反演结果十分吻合。研究表明,利用该方法可直接从激光激发兰姆波的瞬态实验波形中反演出复合板的弹性常数,既不用事先知道兰姆波各模式传播的群速度,也不必采用传统的最小二乘法拟合色散曲线来反演弹性常数。     

利用对墙截面形状的优化来改善声学小房间的低频响应

提出了通过优化墙截面形状来改变声学小房间低频响应的优化方法。在矩形有限元模型中将墙面用不同的阶梯形状作为墙截面进行代换,并用于具有不同墙面的房间,进行了声场分析。阶梯形状间的差异仅是阶梯高度的取值不同,分别为相等、随机和优化值。将获得优化值的优化方法用于60Hz到120Hz的频率范围内,对不同阶梯墙面以及平墙面房间的频率响应进行了数值计算和比较。结果显示墙截面采用优化值时得到的房间频响最为均匀;将房间长、宽、高比例改变后重复上述数值分析,仍得到房间频响改善在优化情况下最大的结果。对比例较差的房间改善幅度可达4.5dB。另外还以半圆和三角形作为墙截面形状计算了半圆半径和三角形高度分别为固定值和优化值时房间的频率响应,同样得到优化墙面优于固定值墙面的结果。因此通过运用优化的墙截面来改善房间低频声场特性是有意义的。     

Homogenization of Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystals at Low Frequencies

Effective velocities of elastic waves propagating in two-dimensional phononic crystal at low frequencies are analysed theoretically, and exact analytical formulas for effective velocities of elastic waves are derived according to the method presented by Krokhin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 （2003） 264302]. Numerical calculations for phononic crystals consisted of array of Pb cylinders emSedded in epoxy show that the composites have distinct anisotropy at low filling fraction. The anisotropy increases as the filling fraction increases, while as the filling fraction closes to the limitation, the anisotropy decreases.     

三元周期结构声禁带形成机理

研究了二维三元周期结构的声禁带加宽现象产生的物理机理. 用有限元方法分别计算了嵌入1，3和5排铁柱和具有橡胶包层铁柱的周期复合结构的声能量传输谱和禁带形成过程. 通过比较二元和三元周期复合结构中的声场分布情况，认为三元样品宽声禁带的形成机理是Bragg反射和局域化共振共同作用的结果，前者在高频段的作用更为明显，而后者在低频段起主要作用. 关键词： 三元周期结构 声禁带 局域共振 Bragg反射     

Mechanism of the excitation of single pure mode L（0, 2） and its interaction with the defect in a hollow cylinder

Guided elastic waves have a great potential in pipe inspection as an efficient and low-cost nondestructive evaluation （NDE） technique, among which the wave of mode L（0, 2） receives a lot of attention because this mode is the fastest mode in a weakly dispersive region of frequency to minimize dispersion effects over a long distance and sensitive to the defects distributed circumferentially. Though many experimental and numerical researches have already been carried out about the excitation of L（0, 2） and its interaction with the defect in a hollow cylinder, its excitation mechanism has not been clarified yet. In this paper based on the transient response solution of the hollow cylinder, derived by the method of eigenfunction expansion, the theory about the exciting mechanism of mode L（0, 2） is advanced and the effects of the spatial distribution, vibration frequency and direction of the external force on the excitation are discussed. And the pure mode L（0, 2） is excited successfully under the parameters obtained through theoretical analysis. Furthermore, its interactions with some kinds of defects in hollow cylinders are simulated with the method of finite element analysis （FEA） and the results agree well with those obtained by other researchers.     

含气泡弱可压缩弹性材料的等效媒质法

声波在含气泡弹性材料中传播时不仅使固相介质产生形变,而且会使气泡非线性振动,据此建立了含气泡弱可压缩弹性材料的等效媒质法。利用等效媒质的微单元与含气泡材料的微单元具有相同的应力和应变,求得了含气泡材料的等效Lame系数,并得到了含气泡材料的非线性波动方程。其线性化结果与Gaunaurd的经典理论相比较,有很好的一致性。本方法还可给出含气泡弱可压缩弹性材料的另一重要参数——非线性系数。     

广义斯奈尔定律与声超表面*

给出了广义斯奈尔定律的相关理论推导,并总结回顾了之前的几种设计,包括声人工结构表面和几种声超表面的案例。首先,以人工结构表面为例,以解析推导为主,结合数值模拟和实验结果,证明了人工窄井结构的异常反射现象。随后,我们回顾了声超表面的设计方法,包括折叠空间式和亥姆赫兹腔式两种典型的结构化设计。最后,我们重点回顾了一种厚度仅为1/20波长的声超表面,用于设计超薄声扩散体,称为声超表面施罗德扩散体。传统的施罗德扩散体是40年前提出的建筑声学领域的经典设计,而我们提出的声超表面施罗德扩散体在中心频率具有同样优质的漫反射效果。另外,通过混合不同目标频率的超表面单元,可以设计宽带的超薄施罗德扩散体,其带宽接近于商业化的施罗德扩散体,这个例子充分展示了声超表面在实际场合的应用潜能。     

Interaction of a bubble and a bubble cluster in an ultrasonic field

Using an appropriate approximation, we have formulated the interacting equation of multi-bubble motion for a system of a single bubble and a spherical bubble cluster. The behavior of the bubbles is observed in coupled and uncoupled states. The oscillation of bubbles inside the cluster is in a coupled state. The numerical simulation demonstrates that the secondary Bjerknes force can be influenced by the number density, initial radius, distance, driving frequency, and amplitude of ultrasound. However, if a bubble approaches a bubble cluster of the same initial radii, coupled oscillation would be induced and a repulsive force is evoked, which may be the reason why the bubble cluster can exist steadily. With the increment of the number density of the bubble cluster, a secondary Bjerknes force acting on the bubbles inside the cluster decreases due to the strong suppression of the coupled bubbles. It is shown that there may be an optimal number density for a bubble cluster which can generate an optimal cavitation effect in liquid for a stable driving ultrasound.