On the possibility to determine neutrino mass hierarchy via supernova neutrinos with short-time characteristics

In this paper, we investigate whether it is possible to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy via a high-statistics and real-time observation of supernova neutrinos with short-time characteristics. The essential idea is to utilize distinct times-of-flight for different neutrino mass eigenstates from a core-collapse supernova to the Earth, which may significantly change the time distribution of neutrino events in the future huge water-Cherenkov and liquid-scintillator detectors. For illustration, we consider two different scenarios. The first case is the neutronization burst of emitted in the first tens of milliseconds of a core-collapse supernova, while the second case is the black hole formation during the accretion phase for which neutrino signals are expected to be abruptly terminated. In the latter scenario, it turns out only when the supernova is at a distance of a few Mpc and the fiducial mass of the detector is at the level of gigaton, might we be able to discriminate between normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies. In the former scenario, the probability for such a discrimination is even less due to a poor statistics.     

Neutrino masses,leptonic flavor mixing,and muon(g−2)in the seesaw model with the U(1)Lμ-Lrgauge symmetry

The latest measurements of the anomalous muon magnetic moment a_μ≡(g_μ-2)/2show a 4:2σdiscrepancy between the theoretical prediction of the Standard Model and the experimental observations.To account for such a discrepancy,we consider a possible extension of the type-(I+II)seesaw model for neutrino mass generation with a gauged L_μ-L_rsymmetry.By explicitly constructing an economical model with only one extra scalar singlet,we demonstrate that the gauge symmetry U(1)L_μ-L_rand its spontaneous breaking are crucial not only for explaining the muon result but also for generating the neutrino masses and leptonic flavor mixing.Various phenomenological implications and experimental constraints on the model parameters are also discussed.     

中微子质量的起源

 日本东京大学的梶田隆章(T.Kajita)教授与加拿大女王大学的麦克唐纳(A.McDonald)教授分享了2015年的诺贝尔物理学奖,因为他们分别领导超级神冈实验和萨德伯里中微子观测站实验并发现了大气和太阳中微子振荡现象,该现象证明中微子具有静止质量。这一重大发现同时也表明粒子物理学标准模型并不完整,我们需要超出标准模型的新物理来解释中微子质量起源和轻子味混合。     

卢瑟福：嬗变与质子

 1919年,英国著名物理学家欧内斯特·卢瑟福（Ernest Rutherford）发现了质子。在质子发现100周年之际,CERN COURIER杂志在2019年5月刊登了来自新西兰坎特伯雷大学的约翰·坎贝尔（John Campbell）教授的特辑文章①,详细地讲述了卢瑟福发现质子的来龙去脉。我们将其编译成文,以飨读者,同时以此表达对这位被誉为"原子核物理学之父"的科学巨擘的崇高敬意。     

诺奖得主麦克唐纳谈中微子、大型对撞机与创新

<正>2015年,加拿大女王大学的阿瑟·麦克唐纳教授(Arthur B.McDonald)与日本东京大学的梶田隆章教授(Takaaki Kajita)共同分享年度诺贝尔物理学奖,因为他们分别领导加拿大萨德伯里中微子观测站实验(SNO)和日本超级神冈实验(Super-Kamiokande)发现太阳和大气中微子振荡现象,证明中微子有质量。这也是存在超出粒子物理标准模型的新物理的确凿实验证据。