Na2SO4 + NaCl molten salts corrosion mechanism of thermal barrier coatings used in ships

6–8 mass% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ (6–8YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely applied to protect the hot ends of gas turbines in large navy ships. In this work, the 8YSZ TBCs were prepared by air plasma spraying technique, and their microstructure and phase composition were investigated. The hot corrosion mechanism of YSZ TBCs in molten salts consisting of 80% Na₂SO₄?+?20% NaCl at 900 °C was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the corrosion product Y₂(SO₄)₃ was formed due to the reaction between Na₂SO₄ media and the stabilizer Y₂O₃. As the result of the depletion of Y₂O₃ phase, the transformation from the tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase of ZrO₂ could not been totally inhibited, which consequently induced the 4–6 vol.% expansion and more cracks of YSZ TBCs. Meanwhile, the cracks could work as transfer paths for oxygen and molten salts. The kinetic analysis on hot corrosion also showed that more reaction products (from 2 to 8.1 mg cm^?1) were generated from 20 to 60 h due to more cracks generated by molten salts and oxygen infiltrating. More thermal grown oxides generated between ceramic layer, bonding layer and substrate, and the volume expansion caused by phase transition, increased the stresses in the coatings. Consequently, the peeling-off failure of 8YSZ TBCs could happen.

     

Template in situ inducing dispersion of nickel on SBA-15 for methane reforming with carbon dioxide

Highly dispersed Ni/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared via template extraction with varying different extraction times (Ni/S-x, x = 0.5, 3.5, 6.5 h) for methane reforming with carbon dioxide. Based on the various characterization results and initial activity evaluation, Ni/S-3.5 h catalyst showed the best catalytic performance. Compared with the catalyst prepared via template calcination (Ni-S), Ni/S-3.5 h catalyst held steady with CH₄ and CO₂ conversions while those of the Ni-S catalyst respectively decreased by 15 and 11% during the long-term stability test at 700 °C for 50 h. As TEM and TG–DSC results confirmed, Ni particles in spent Ni/S-3.5 h catalyst stayed well-dispersed with size slightly increasing from an initial 3.9–4.1 nm and nearly no carbon deposition was observed. On the contrary, Ni-S catalyst was subjected to sintered metal particles (increased from 11.6 to 18 nm) and formed carbon fibers. The prominent resistance to sintering and coking over stable Ni/S-3.5 h catalyst was attributed to the high dispersion and strengthened metal-support interaction induced via the residual in situ templates.     

A simple access to triarylmethane derivatives from aromatic aldehydes and electron-rich arenes catalyzed by FeCl3

Under ‘open-flask’ and mild conditions, arenes condense smoothly with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of catalytic amount of FeCl₃. The reaction tolerated a variety of substitutions and functional groups. This method provides a facile and direct access to symmetrical and unsymmetrical triarylmethane derivatives.     

Effect of Mg and C contents in MgCNi3, and structure and superconductivity of MgCNi3-x -Co x

The effect of Mg and C contents on T_C in MgCN₃, and structure and superconductivity of MgCNi_3-x Co _x were studied. It is found that the excess of Mg and C in initial material mixture is favorable to improvement inT _c and helps to obtain single-phase samples. For preparing MgCNi₃ superconductor, the optimum composition of starting materials is MgC_1.45Ni₃ with excess of Mg (20 wt.%) of the stoichiometric composition. In gCNi_3-x Co _x system, a continuous solid solution is formed, lattice parameter decreases slightly andT _c decreases obviously with increasingx. A suppression of superconductivity is observed due to the substitution of Co (Mn) for Ni. The suppression effect is smaller for the substitution of Co than that of Mn     

磁性液体对射流冲击传热的强化

本文对磁液应用于射流冲击传热的影响进行了实验研究。采用变压器油和煤油基磁液ＣＩ－２０Ｂ作为工质,把 １３×５ ｍｍ的康铜金属膜作为加热面和传热面,进行自由表面液体窄缝射流冲击,使用的喷嘴窄缝宽度为 ２５０微米,射流速度变化范围 ５．７ ｍ／ｓ～８．５ ｍ／ｓ。分别对附加磁液前后的射流传热实验结果进行比较,表明磁液的使用对射流冲击传热具有一定的强化。     

高温壁面液体射流冲击瞬态沸腾传热的实验研究

以水作为冷却介质,对高温壁面在射流冲击淬冷时的瞬态换热特性进行了实验研究,获得了介质在不同过冷度、不同射流速度下的完整沸腾曲线。实验结果表明。无论是增大工质过冷度还是提高射流速度,总会使得热壁面的冷却速率加大。在一定的过冷度和射流速度下壁温变化呈现快－慢－快的特点。临界热流密度随平均壁温变化率的增大而增大,二者之间存在线性关系．     

2-羟基-3-羧基-5-磺酸基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯吸光光度法测定微量钯

于pH9.3～10.6Na_2CO_3-NaHCO_3缓冲介质中,在Triton N-101存在下,Pd(Ⅱ)与2-羟基-3-羧基-5-磺酸基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯(HCSDAA)形成组成比为1:2的红色配合物,其最大吸收波长为530nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.05×10~5,线性范围为0～0.7μg·ml~(-1) .结合丁二酮肟螯合,氯仿萃取,方法用于贵金属二次合金中微量钯的测定,相对标准偏差为2.0%(n=6).加标回收率为93.8%～99.3%.     

双层类脂膜的修饰及其在分析化学中的应用

双层类脂膜（ＢＬＭｓ）是公认的与众多生命过程直接相关的生物膜模拟体系。作者评述了大环化合物超分子试剂、药物和抗原抗体对ＢＬＭｓ的镶嵌修饰以及被修饰的ＢＬＭｓ体系和分析化学中的应用研究进展,其中包括基于ＢＬＭｓ的生物传感器和模拟酶;展望了发展趋势。引用文献６６篇。     

R-113圆形射流冲击模拟电子芯片单相对流换热的实验研究

1前言随着电子计算机技术的飞速发展,电路的集成化程度日益提高,芯片的热负荷也不断增大。据报道,在本世纪末,芯片表面热流密度将达106W／m‘II］。如果没有有效的冷却技术,芯片温度一旦超过设计标准,就会导致性能急剧恶化,故障率大大增加。而目前工业上普遍采用的风冷技术,无论是自然对流还是强迫对流,都由于空气热容小,流速受到噪声的限制又不可过大,因此冷却能力一般不超过10‘W／m‘［‘］。在这种情况下,冷却技术的改进对微电子发展起着至关重要的作用。射流冷却时流体法向冲击传热表面,形成很薄的速度和温度边界层,因…     

碘阻抑结晶紫褪色动力学光度法测定微量碘

在弱酸性介质中，微量Ｉ＾－对ＮａＩＯ４氧化结晶紫色的反应具有显著的阻抑作用，以此反应为指示反应提出了测定微量碘的动力学光度分析法。