A simple optimization strategy based on Rs-minimum and information theory of chromatography

Summary A simple optimization method based on the well-known Rs-minimum method and on the information theory of FUMI Φ is proposed. Resolution (Rs), peak area and height (or width) are the only parameters necessary for the calculation of the information Φ and information flow ϑ. The most precise analysis can be selected as the chromatogram having maximal ϑ. Mobile phase composition, column length, flow rate, detection wavelength, amount of internal standard, etc. can be optimized by this method.     

Relevance and truthfulness in information correction and fusion

A general approach to information correction and fusion for belief functions is proposed, where not only may the information items be irrelevant, but sources may lie as well. We introduce a new correction scheme, which takes into account uncertain metaknowledge on the source’s relevance and truthfulness and that generalizes Shafer’s discounting operation. We then show how to reinterpret all connectives of Boolean logic in terms of source behavior assumptions with respect to relevance and truthfulness. We are led to generalize the unnormalized Dempster’s rule to all Boolean connectives, while taking into account the uncertainties pertaining to assumptions concerning the behavior of sources. Eventually, we further extend this approach to an even more general setting, where source behavior assumptions do not have to be restricted to relevance and truthfulness. We also establish the commutativity property between correction and fusion processes, when the behaviors of the sources are independent.     

Optimal recovery of integral operators and its applications

In this paper we present the solution to a problem of recovering a rather arbitrary integral operator based on incomplete information with error. We apply the main result to obtain optimal methods of recovery and compute the optimal error for the solutions to certain integral equations as well as boundary and initial value problems for various PDE’s.     

Preparation and photochromic properties of pyrazolones/polyvinyl alcohol composite films

Novel photochromic composite films have been successfully fabricated by dispersing pyrazolone derivative:1,3-Diphenyl-4-(3-chlorobenzal)-5-hydroxypyrazole 4-phenylsemicarbazone (1a) into hydrosol of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The microstructure, photochromic behaviors and thermal bleaching properties were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis). The results showed that 1a was not only blended but also well dispersed in the PVA polymer films with a suitable content of chromophore. Upon UV light irradiation, the composite films gradually changed from colorless to yellow and recovered fully to the initial state upon thermal bleaching. The time constants of photochromic reactions were almost the same as those of 1a observed in their crystalline state, indicating that the photochromic phenomenon is barely disturbed by the polymer matrix.     

Going Off the Grid: Iterative Model Selection for Biclustered Matrix Completion

We consider the problem of performing matrix completion with side information on row-by-row and column-by-column similarities. We build upon recent proposals for matrix estimation with smoothness constraints with respect to row and column graphs. We present a novel iterative procedure for directly minimizing an information criterion to select an appropriate amount of row and column smoothing, namely, to perform model selection. We also discuss how to exploit the special structure of the problem to scale up the estimation and model selection procedure via the Hutchinson estimator, combined with a stochastic Quasi-Newton approach. Supplementary material for this article is available online.     

Overwriting information: Correlations,physical costs,and environment models

In this sequel to our previous study of the entropic and energetic costs of information erasure [N.G. Anderson, Phys. Lett. A 372 (2008) 5552], we consider direct overwriting of classical information encoded in a quantum-mechanical memory system interacting with a heat bath. Lower bounds on physical costs of overwriting – in both “single-shot” and “sequential” overwriting scenarios – are obtained from globally unitary quantum dynamics and entropic inequalities alone, all within a referential approach that grounds information content in correlations between physical system states. A heterogeneous environment model, required for consistent treatment of sequential overwriting, is introduced and used to establish and relate bounds for various cases.     

夜视战场环境视觉传感信息采集系统设计

夜视战场环境视觉传感信息的实时获取是跟踪夜视战场图像处理分析的前提,针对夜视战场环境的复杂特征,设计了夜视战场环境视觉传感信息采集系统,分析了系统的总体结构,系统硬件主要包括视觉传感器、传感器控制卡和扩展卡、图像采集与存储以及信号调理电路,给出了系统采集节点的程序设计流程以及传感信息采集的具体程序代码实现过程。实验结果说明,所设计系统可有效采集到夜间军事战场中的传感信息,并且具有较高的采集精度。     

基于G/S模式的空间信息云服务架构研究

针对多系统间的数据交换、共享问题,尤其在大数据时代,海量的数据增长给数据的管理带来的挑战,提出了一种基于G/S(General-Browser/ Service-Cloud,G/S)模式的空间信息云服务架构——面向数据的架构(Data Oriented Architecture,DOA)。以数据为核心,以数据标识为主线,通过数据注册中心和数据交换规范XXML(Specific Industry Markup Language),对海量异构数据进行存储、计算和管理,实现多系统间的数据共享、访问和协同。通过在地质灾害监测预警方面的应用,证明了该架构作为信息技术的系统构建方法在大数据时代独特的优势。     

用Hirshfeld电荷定量标度亲电性和亲核性:含氮体系(英文)

准确预测化学过程中分子内各原子提供或接受电子的能力以及化学反应可能的位点,即定量确定亲电性、亲核性和区域选择性,是一个十分重要却仍然亟待解决的课题.此前,基于我们新近提出的信息守恒原理,曾建议使用Hirshfeld电荷和信息增益作为两个等价的描述符用于此目的.我们的这个想法已经被成功地应用于两个系列的分子体系,且其有效性得到了充分的验证.然而,先前我们只考察了碳元素的这些性质,所以其结论的普遍性仍存在疑问.我们尚不清楚它是否适用于其他元素,而且对于同一元素的不同价态该结论是否适用也不清楚.为此,本文将考察含氮体系.对5个不同类别的含氮体系共计40个分子进行了研究,其中包括重氮苯、偶氮、重氮、一级和二级胺体系.结果表明,对所有五个含氮体系其Hirshfeld电荷与实验得到的亲电性和亲核性标度之间仍然存在着较强的线性关联.然而,这些相关性却依赖于氮元素的化合价类型和键合环境.该线性关系只能在同一类型中成立.我们对其可能的原因进行了讨论.