尺度相似变换中边坡工程行为变化的定性分析

本文应用相似理论和已有的岩土体边坡研究成果, 探讨了边坡在几何尺寸相似放大过程中所表现出的应力场、位移场及强度等工程特性的变化规律, 对运用已有边坡研究成果认识高边坡力学行为有重要的指导意义。     

Strain field denoising for digital image correlation using a regularized cost-function

In digital image correlation (DIC), the widely used forward-additive Newton–Raphson (FA-NR) algorithm and the recently introduced equivalent but more efficient inverse-compositional Gauss–Newton (IC-GN) algorithm are capable of providing both displacements and displacement gradients (strains) for each calculation point. However, the obtained displacement gradients are seriously corrupted by various noises, and for this reason these directly computed strains are usually considered as useless information and therefore discarded. To extract strain distributions more accurately, much research efforts have been dedicated to how to smooth and differentiate the noisy displacement fields using appropriate numerical approaches. In this contribution, contrary to these existing strain estimation approaches, a novel and alternative strain estimation approach, based on denoising the noisy strain fields obtained by FA-NR or IC-GN algorithm using a regularized cost-function, is proposed. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed strain estimation technique is carefully examined using both computer-simulated images with imposed homogeneous and inhomogeneous deformation, and experimentally obtained images. Experimental results reveal that the strains obtained by the proposed method are comparable to those determined by post-processing of the displacement fields using conventional pointwise least squares strain estimation approach.     

Mössbauer study of proton radiation effects in FeCl24H2O

Abstract

The proton radiation effects in ferrous chloride are studied by means of the Mössbauer spectroscopy. The irradiation with protons of energy of 0.68 to 1.5 MeV has been found to cause dehydration and chemical decomposition of ferrous chloride. FeCl_{2 ·} 2H₂O, and Fe₃O₄ in superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic states, as well as Fe_1?x O were formed. The formation of a superparamagnetic phase of Fe₃O₄ within the “spike” regions was verified by low temperature measurements. The effects observed were interpreted in terms of the “thermal spike” model. The calculated temperatures and radii of “spikes” formed by iron, chloride and oxygen ions are in good agreement with observation for superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄.     

Displacement potential solution of stiffened composite struts subjected to eccentric loading

The elastic behavior of stiffened struts of orthotropic composite material is investigated under an eccentric loading using displacement potential formulation. Solutions are obtained for different aspect ratios of the strut where the fibers are assumed to be directed along the axis of the struts. Solutions of stresses and displacements of boron/epoxy composite struts are presented numerically in the form of graphs. The effects of material orthotropy and different stiffeners on the elastic field are also investigated. Finally, some of the results of the present solution are compared with the corresponding finite element predictions, which, in turn, establishes the soundness as well as reliability of the present analysis of the composite struts.     

Principles and realization of a novel instrument for high performance displacement measurement—nanometer laser ruler

This paper introduces a novel instrument for displacement measurement—a nanometer laser ruler, in which some special concepts of laser physics are utilized, such as orthogonal polarization of laser modes, mode competition, power tuning and the law that changes of λ/2 in cavity length means the variation of one longitudinal mode spacing in frequency. Besides having a simple structure, the ruler has high resolution (79 nm), large measuring range (12 mm), and excellent linearity (5×10⁻⁵). The laser is the ruler itself. It can be applied to various fields. The way to implement the ruler is also introduced. In the end, some errors of the ruler are discussed.     

Strain determination in bone sections with simultaneous 3D digital holographic interferometry

A 3D digital holographic interferometer was used to measure the surface strain components in two different bovine׳s bone sections. The applied force on the sample was induced by a precisely controlled lateral micro compression. The simultaneous acquisition capability of the system helps to record a fast sequence of images, each one containing three independent holograms that result in three orthogonal displacement components u, v and w from which the surface strain components ɛ_x, ɛ_y and γ_xy over the bone׳s field of view were calculated. This research study was carried out in two different bone sections: the cortical bone and the medullary cavity/yellow marrow section. The resulting strain concentrators are of great importance to better understand the mechanical response of complex biological structures such as this bovine femoral bone.     

Effects of initial stress on guided waves in orthotropic functionally graded plates

Because of the limitation of the manufacturing technology, initial stress in functionally graded materials (FGM) and structures is inevitable. Based on the theory of “Mechanics of Incremental Deformations”, the guided wave propagation in FGM plates under gravity, homogeneous initial stress in the thickness direction and inhomogeneous initial stress in the wave propagation direction is investigated. The Legendre polynomial series method is used to solve the coupled wave equations with variable coefficients. The convergence of the polynomial series method is discussed through the numerical examples. The effects of the initial stress on the Lamb-like wave and on the SH wave are investigated respectively and the numerical results show they are quite distinct. The effect of the gravity on the wave propagation can be ignored. The effects of the initial stress in the thickness direction are very different from those of the initial stress in the wave propagation direction, both on the dispersion curves and on the displacement and stress distributions.     

Signal processing method of phase correction for laser heterodyne interferometry

A novel signal processing method of movement direction identification and phase correction is presented for laser heterodyne interferometry. Based on the reference signal, four intervals with phase difference of 90° each other are set up. The real-time movement direction identification and the integer fringe counting are realized by detecting the times that the rising-edge of the measurement signal crosses the intervals. The phase correction approach is proposed in detail to solve the fraction phase compensation when the initial phase difference is not equal to the zero phase difference. Three experiments of the stability test, the nanometer and micrometer displacement tests on bi-directional movement were performed to demonstrate the usefulness and feasibility of the presented signal processing method.     

Thin interphase/imperfect interface in elasticity with application to coated fiber composites

The imperfect interface conditions which are equivalent to the effect of a thin elastic interphase are derived by a Taylor expansion method in terms of interface displacement and traction jumps. Plane and cylindrical interfaces are analyzed as special cases. The effective elastic moduli of a unidirectional coated fiber composite are obtained on the basis of the derived imperfect interface conditions. High accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparison of solutions of several problems in terms of the imperfect interface conditions or explicit presence of interphase as a third phase. The problems considered are transverse shear of a coated infinite fiber in infinite matrix and effective transverse bulk and shear moduli and effective axial shear modulus of a coated fiber composite. Unlike previous elastic imperfect interface conditions in the literature, the present ones are valid for the entire range of interphase stiffness, from very small to very large.     

双接收光纤传感器的特性函数

分析了两种双接收反射式光纤传感器,理论上给出了其调制特性函数的解析表达式,并与试验结果进行了对比。