加快推进国产科研仪器"进口替代"的思考

科学进步离不开科研仪器技术的发展, 科研仪器自主研制已成为我国促进技术创新的强劲动力和人才培养的重要平台. 飞船发射、航母制造、北斗导航等高科技重大突破离不开我国自行研制的高端科研仪器, 科技创新已成为当今各国提高综合国力的战略支撑. 每年我国对科研仪器的市场需求很大, 但进口仪器占比70%, 部分高端仪器更是100%依赖进口. 由于高、精、尖科研仪器的核心技术、关键零部件被国外封锁, 导致我国研发的高端科研仪器丧失国际竞争力. 针对上述现象, 通过对国产科研仪器目前现状分析, 就如何加强国家创新引导力来加快推进国产科研仪器高质量发展, 从而提升在国际市场的竞争力, 最终实现"进口替代"进行探讨.     

红绿灯的周期多长最好

1 问题的背景 在我们学校附近，有一个竹园路与汾湖路的交叉路口，设置了红绿灯．东西方向的竹园路是连接古城区和新区的咽喉要道，车流量相当大，而南北方向的汾湖路，沿途地段比较偏僻，车流量较小．我带领数学兴趣小组的同学，进行了实地考察，我们发现，这里的红绿灯是以红灯、绿灯分别依次亮30秒（其中含有2秒的黄灯过渡时间），周期性循环的．     

和差角公式(5题)

1.若sinθ=4/5,则tgθ/2的值为 (A)1/2,2 (B)-1/2,-2 (C)2,-2 (D)1/2,-1/2 2.sin42° sin54°-sin78°的值为 (A)-1/2 (B)0 (C)1/2 (D)1 3.若x y=π/3,则sinx siny与1的大小关系为 (A)sinx siny>1 (B)sinx siny=1 (C)sinx siny<1 (D)不能确定     

高效液相色谱法测定酿酒酵母中S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces Ceverisiae,SC)发酵样品中S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸(SAM)的测定方法进行研究。流动相为甲醇∶40 mmoL/LNH4H2PO4-8 mmoL/L 1-庚烷磺酸钠=20∶80(V/V),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,用外标法进行定量。方法的相对标准偏差和平均回收率分别为0.82%和98.22%。该方法简便有效,适用于SAM系列产品生产中的质量控制。     

MoO3/γ-AI2O3, MoO3/TiO2, MoO3/SiO2的氨溶性质及表面状态的研究

本文用浸渍法制备了不同含量的MoO_3/γ-Al_2O_3、MoO_3/TiO_2、MoO_3/SiO_2系列样品, 用氨溶、水溶, XPS、XRD等实验手段对这三个体系进行了研究。氨溶实验表明MoO_3在γ-Al_2O_3和TiO_2表面呈单层分散, 其分散阈值(即最大分散量)与XPS强度比法, XRD相定量法所测结果基本一致。这二个体系氨溶曲线在阈值前斜率分别为0.71和0.66, 说明分散在γ-Al_2O_3或TiO_2上的单层MoO_3分为氨水可溶和不可溶二种状态, 这二种状态以确定的比例共存于阀值前的整个浓度区间。这一现象也为氮溶前后样品XPS强度比的比值所证实。实验还表明MoO_3/γ-Al_2O_3样品的氨溶残渣经脱水加热可产生大量可溶的MoO_3, 随着烘烤温度的提高, 时间的延长, 新生成的可溶MoO_3分率趋近样品氨溶前的可溶分率。我们认为分散在γ-Al_2O_3或TiO_2上的单层MoO_3分为二种结构状态, 一种是Mo~(6+)处在氧八面体空隙中, 另一种则处在氧四面体空隙中。二种状态相互邻接, 共用O~(2-)离子, 以特定连结方式(类似于γ-氧化铝Mo_4O_(11)形成“单层聚集小片”。这样的小片是热力学稳定态。由于二种结构状态与载体的相互作用强弱不同而造成了氨水可溶或不可溶二种状态。MoO_3/SiO_2体系, 对氨溶而言, 只有一种状态, 分散在SiO_2上的MoO_3几乎全部溶解。由此可见, MoO_3与SiO_2表面的作用比上述二个体系弱得多。     

First-principles analysis of the structural,electronic, and elastic properties of cubic organic-inorganic perovskite HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3

The structural, electronic, and elastic properties of cubic HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3 perovskite are investigated by density functional theory using the Tkatchenko–Scheffler pairwise dispersion scheme. Our relaxed lattice parameters are in agreement with experimental data. The hydrogen bonding between NH_2 and I ions is found to have a crucial role in FAPbI_3 stability. The first calculated band structure shows that HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3 has a direct bandgap(1.02 eV) at R-point, lower than the bandgap(1.53 eV) of CH_3NH_3PbI_3. The calculated density of states reveals that the strong hybridization of s(Pb)–p(I) orbital in valence band maximum plays an important role in the structural stability. The photo-generated effective electron mass and hole mass at R-point along the R–Γ and R–M directions are estimated to be smaller: m_e~*= 0.06 m0 and m_h~*= 0.08 m0 respectively, which are consistent with the values experimentally observed from long range photocarrier transport. The elastic properties are also investigated for the first time, which shows that HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3 is mechanically stable and ductile and has weaker strength of the average chemical bond. This work sheds light on the understanding of applications of HC(NH_2)_2PbI_3 as the perovskite in a planar-heterojunction solar cell light absorber fabricated on flexible polymer substrates.     

N-(4-哌啶基)苯甲酰胺衍生物的设计、合成及其抗肝癌活性

以4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯为原料,经烃化、水解、缩合、脱保护、磺酰化反应,合成了6个含有磺酰基取代的4-苯氧基-N-(4-哌啶基)苯甲酰胺衍生物。 其结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和MS谱等技术手段进行了表征,并以索拉非尼为阳性对照药对HepG2细胞株进行了初步体外抗肝癌细胞增殖活性的评价。 实验发现,4-苯氧基-N-(1-甲磺酰基哌啶-4-基)苯甲酰胺的体外抗肝癌生物活性优于索拉非尼,IC₅₀值为8.42 μmol/L。 研究结果表明,新结构4-苯氧基-N-(4-哌啶基)苯甲酰胺类化合物具有良好的抗肝癌活性。     

Structural,elastic, electronic,and thermodynamic properties of MgAgSb investigated by density functional theory

The structural, elastic, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of thermoelectric material Mg Ag Sb in γ, β, α phases are studied with first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The optimized lattice constants accord well with the experimental data. According to the calculated total energy of the three phases, the phase transition order is determined from α to γ phase with cooling, which is in agreement with the experimental result. The physical properties such as elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and anisotropy factor are also discussed and analyzed, which indicates that the three structures are mechanically stable and each has a ductile feature. The Debye temperature is deduced from the elastic properties. The total density of states(TDOS) and partial density of states(PDOS) of the three phases are investigated. The TDOS results show that the γ phase is most stable with a pseudogap near the Fermi level, and the PDOS analysis indicates that the conduction band of the three phases is composed mostly of Mg-3s,Ag-4d, and Sb-5p. In addition, the changes of the free energy, entropy, specific heat, thermal expansion of γ-MgAgSb with temperature are obtained successfully. The obtained results above are important parameters for further experimental and theoretical tuning of doped MgAgSb as a thermoelectric material at high temperature.