漂白对冰毒滥用者毛发分析的影响评估

通过对比经过不同漂白程度处理的毛发样品中甲基苯丙胺的含量,评估不同美发漂白程度处理的毛发可能造成假阳性或假阴性结果的影响。研究结果表明,经过漂白处理的阴性毛发样品更容易受到外部污染从而导致假阳性结果,且影响程度与漂白程度呈正相关。经过漂白处理的阳性毛发样品中甲基苯丙胺的浓度下降最多可达90%左右,且下降趋势与漂白程度呈正相关。因此,在对经过美发漂白的毛发进行分析时,应该考虑其美发处理可能造成的假阳性或假阴性结果。     

界面偶极如何影响有机与钙钛矿太阳电池的能带结构与性能

界面能带结构是指界面处电子能带的弯曲和倾斜。它能显著影响载流子的产生、注入、分离、传输、复合和收集等过程,是半导体光电子器件性能的重要影响因素。因此,优化界面能带结构、调控器件性能与工作机理是光电子器件领域的核心课题之一。如果将一组相距很近的正负点电荷肩并肩排列所组成的偶极层插入器件界面,电势能穿过偶极层时会发生突变,将能有效调控界面能带结构和载流子运动过程。     

车辆高海拔环境起步性能试验研究

对于全域机动车辆而言,高海拔环境起步性能是评价其高原环境适应性和机动性的重要指标。针对多个型号车辆存在的高海拔环境起步困难问题,在系统开展车辆起步过程动力学分析的基础上,从车辆本身所具有的动力和所受外界阻力两个方面对高海拔环境车辆起步性能影响因素进行了深入分析,通过对某军用履带车辆高海拔起步性能的实车试验验证,确定了发动机低速扭矩特性、传动油温、行驶坡度、使用工况是高海拔环境影响车辆起步性能的关键因素,为车辆论证、研制、试验和使用工作的改进和发展提供了依据。     

2014年最有趣的20项光电子技术盘点

1.增强现实显示器大千世界,光电子装置发展的最突出形式之一是头戴眼镜式显示器。然而,谷歌眼镜自面市以来一直都没有很成功的发展,为什么呢?嗯,是因为奇怪的外观;它只有一个单一的、侧边小屏幕;而用户使用时常常会发生斗眼。北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校(UNC)和Nvidia研究中心的研究人员开发出一个眼镜显示器的设计,可以解决上述所有问题:增强现实眼镜是透明的,可以是3D立体的,至少看起     

多糖凝胶的孔径和化学结构对单壁碳纳米管流动性和选择性分离的影响

基于凝胶柱色谱分离技术研究了单分散的单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)在不同化学结构多孔多糖凝胶中的流动特性以及对金属型(m-)/半导体型(s-)SWCNTs分离的影响.通过比较SWCNTs在一系列不同孔径的葡聚糖Sephacryl凝胶中的流动行为,发现减小孔径尺寸能够增强s-SWCNTs与凝胶之间的吸附作用力,使大直径的m-SWCNTs快速地流过凝胶颗粒,而选择性地保留了小直径的s-SWCNTs.进一步发现多糖凝胶化学结构比孔径尺寸在SWCNTs的m/s分离中起着更重要的作用.当基于葡聚糖结构的Sephacryl凝胶中的氨基结构被琼脂糖结构所取代时,如Superdex 200和Sepharose 2B凝胶会增强它们与SWCNTs之间的作用力,使SWCNTs的保留时间延长,降低了s-SWCNTs的选择性和纯度.此外,即使拥有与Sephacryl S100类似的孔径范围,当Sephacryl凝胶中的氨基被疏水环氧丙烷基团取代时,葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G100与SWCNTs的作用力很弱,导致所有SWCNTs快速流动,无法实现SWCNTs的m/s分离.因而,我们认为凝胶孔径和化学结构共同影响并调控了SWCNTs的m/s分离的选择性、纯度以及分离效率.     

温和条件下元素对M~(2+)/Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)-LDHs转化成尖晶石铁氧体过程的影响(英文)

研究了二价金属离子在温和条件下(低于100℃,暴露于空气中)从水滑石M2+/Fe2+/Fe3+-LDHs(M=Co,Ni,Mn,Zn)转化成尖晶石铁氧体的过程中所起的作用。结果表明,该转化过程不仅与晶化温度有关,还与M2+在元素周期表中所处的位置有关。当这些二价金属离子处于同一周期并且相邻较近时,M2+的半径越大,水滑石微晶向尖晶石铁氧体的转化就越容易。此外,Fe2+在转化过程中起着至关重要的作用,如果没有Fe2+的参与,在此条件下的转化将无法进行。     

A fluorescent probe for Hg2+sensing in solutions and living cells with a wide working pH range简

In this paper, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde rhodamine B thiohydrazine(1) was synthesized and developed as a fluorescent probe to recognize Hg2+in DMF/H2 O(1:9, v/v) solution with high selectivity. The probe can be applied to the quanti?cation of Hg2+with a linear concentration range covering from 1.0×10-7mol/L to 1.0×10-5mol/L(R2= 0.9985) and a detection limit of 4.2×10-8mol/L. The experiment results show that the response of probe 1 to Hg2+is pH-independent in a wide range from 4.0 to 9.0. Moreover, the probe 1 exhibits excellent selectivity toward Hg2+over other common metal cations. Most importantly, the probe can be employed to monitor Hg2+in living cells using fluorescent imaging technique with satisfied results.     

Influence of Gd doping on the absolute quantum efficiency and lifetime of EuxGd1-x（TTA）3phens

Absolute quantum yield （Ф） is one of the most important parameters to evaluate the potential of novel materials. Lanthanide complexes EuxGd1-x（TTA）3phens are synthesized with the ratio of Gd3＋ dopant concentration ranging from 10% to 90% to improve the absolute quantum yield. EuxGd1-x（TTA）3phens possess similar infrared and ultraviolet spectra, showing that they have similar molecular structures. The absolute emission quantum yields of EuxGd1-x（TTA）3phens are determined using a fluoromax-4 spectrofluorometer equipped with an integrating sphere. The fluorescence lifetimes of the EuxGd1-x（TTA）3phens are measured in the same experiment. It was found that both absolute quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes of EuxGd1-x（TTA）3phens are of quasi-periodic variation with the change of the Gd3. dopant concentrations. The absolute quantum efficiency and fluorescence lifetime vary with respect to the Gd content in an opposite fashion, indicating that the rate of energy absorption by the EuxGd1-x（TTA）3phens and the conversion to light energy is critical for the absolute quantum efficiency. The radiative rate constant Kr and non-radiative rate constant Knr are calculated. The dependence of Kr and Knr on the Gd3＋ dopant concentrations is very similar to that of absolute quantum efficiency. The radiation rate constant Kr and absolute quantum efficiency have a linear relationship.     

The effects of ultrasound frequency and power on the activation energy in Si-KOH reaction system

The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction. It is one of the important indexes for appraising a reaction. The chemical reaction rate is closely related to the value of activation energy, and reducing activation energy is propitious to promoting a chemical reaction. In the present paper, the relationship between the activation energy in Si-KOH reaction system and the ultrasound frequency and power has been discussed for the first time. The range of ultrasound frequency and power is 40-100kHz （interval by 20kHz） and 10-50W （interval by 10W）, respectively. The experimental clata indicate that the activation energy decreases with the increasing ultrasound power. Comparing with the activation energy without ultrasound irradiation, the results in our paper indicate that ultrasound irradiation could reduce the activation energy in Si-KOH reaction system and increase the reaction rate.     

关于一元酸准确滴定判据的商榷

化学分析教科书中给出的弱酸能被准确滴定的条件是cKa≥1.0×10-8。本文根据这一判据的来源(滴定突跃≥0.3pH单位),对一元酸体系的滴定情况进行了严格数学处理。计算结果表明,只有同时满足弱酸的浓度c1.0×10-3mol/L和cKa≥1.0×10-8条件下,弱酸才能被准确滴定。对于浓度极稀的酸溶液(c≤1.4×10-4mol/L),无论强酸还是弱酸都不能被准确滴定。对教材很少涉及的不同浓度酸碱互相滴定的情况也给出了有价值的结论。