Kinetics of fission products accumulation on structural materials

The aim of the present work was to reveal the kinetics of the accumulation of some possible contaminant on the surfaces of structural materials (zirconium alloys and 08H18N10T stainless steel) in the primary circuit of Paks NPP. The kinetics of adsorption and desorption of iodide, caesium and cerium ions were investigated by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) installed into a flow cell. The results on thin layers were confirmed by immersing experiments, using radiotracer technique and ??-spectrometry to detect the traced ions on the surfaces. Experiments were carried out in electrolyte solution which was similar to the cooling water. All measurements were carried out at room temperature. Both adsorption and desorption were found to be fast, taking only several seconds; time constants were also evaluated.     

Viscoelastic properties of a silicone resin during crosslinking

Viscoelastic properties of a silicone resin crosslinked at various extents were characterised by means of rheology. The influence of temperature on the viscoelastic properties of the material as-delivered and in a state pre-crosslinked approximately to the gel point has been investigated by dynamic-mechanical measurements. While the glass transition temperature is increased by the crosslinking, no changes of the free volume fraction at T _g and its thermal expansion coefficient were observed. Taking the different glass transition temperatures into account, it could be shown that the corresponding WLF-parameters are the same. The molar mass and, hence, the viscosity of the material can be increased by a heat treatment. The dependence of the zero shear-rate viscosity on the weight average molar mass indicates that the existence of entanglements of the polymer molecules is not very probable.     

��Hypertractions and hyperstresses convey the same mechanical information Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. (2010) 22:163�C176�� by Prof. Podio Guidugli and Prof. Vianello and some related papers on higher gradient theories

In this commentary, we try to make clearer the state of the art concerning the relation between mechanical contact interactions and the different notions of stresses. We emphasize the importance of the concept of virtual displacements. Its role has been recognized in Mechanics and in Continuum Mechanics long ago (see e.g., Vailati in Il principio dei lavori virtuali da Aristotele a Erone d’Alessandria, 113–128, 1987; Russo in The forgotten revolution, Springer, Berlin, 2003, or Cosserat and Cosserat in Sur la Théorie des Corps Déformables, Herman, Paris, 1909; Cosserat and Cosserat in Note sur la théorie de l.action euclidienne, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1908), and it is central as well when starting with an expression of the power expended by internal stresses and deducing the form of contact interactions as when starting with some form of the contact interactions and developing a representation theorem for these contact interactions based on the Cauchy tetrahedron construction.     

Mathematical analysis of a two-dimensional population model of metastatic growth including angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is a key process in the tumoral growth which allows the cancerous tissue to impact on its vasculature in order to improve the nutrient’s supply and the metastatic process. In this paper, we introduce a model for the density of metastasis which takes into account for this feature. It is a two-dimensional structured population equation with a vanishing velocity field and a source term on the boundary. We present here the mathematical analysis of the model, namely the well-posedness of the equation and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions, whose natural regularity led us to investigate some basic properties of the space W_div(W)={V ? L¹;  div(GV) ? L¹}{W_{\rm div}(\Omega)=\left\{V\in L^1;\;{\rm div}(GV)\in L^1\right\}}, where G is the velocity field of the equation.     

On the Structure of Graphs with Low Obstacle Number

The obstacle number of a graph G is the smallest number of polygonal obstacles in the plane with the property that the vertices of G can be represented by distinct points such that two of them see each other if and only if the corresponding vertices are joined by an edge. We list three small graphs that require more than one obstacle. Using extremal graph theoretic tools developed by Pr?mel, Steger, Bollobás, Thomason, and others, we deduce that for any fixed integer h, the total number of graphs on n vertices with obstacle number at most h is at most 2^o(n2){2^{o(n^2)}}. This implies that there are bipartite graphs with arbitrarily large obstacle number, which answers a question of Alpert et al. (Discret Comput Geom doi:, 2009).     

On the birth of stall cells on airfoils

Critical point theory asserts that two-dimensional topologies are defined as degeneracies and any three-dimensional disturbance of a two-dimensional flow will lead to a new three-dimensional flowfield topology, regardless of the disturbance amplitude. Here, the topology of the composite flowfields reconstructed by linear superposition of the two-dimensional flow around a stalled airfoil and the leading stationary three-dimensional global eigenmode has been studied. In the conditions monitored the two-dimensional flow is steady and laminar and is separated over a fraction of the suction side, while the amplitudes considered in the linear superposition are small enough for the linearization assumption to be valid. The multiple topological bifurcations resulting have been analysed in detail; the surface streamlines generated by the leading stationary global mode of the separated flow have been found to be strongly reminiscent of the characteristic stall cells, observed experimentally on airfoils just beyond stall in both laminar and turbulent flow.     

Electrochemistry on the internet

This is a review of electrochemical information and services available on the internet, and some evaluation of their usefulness for professionals, students, and the general public. It seems that we are getting to the point that ??if it is not on the internet, it does not exist??. But the question is where to find things and how to know what is reliable and useful and what is not. Some historical notes and personal reminiscences are also included.     

Projecting the Bethe�CSalpeter Equation onto the Light-Front and Back: A Short Review

The technique of projecting the four-dimensional two-body Bethe?CSalpeter equation onto the three-dimensional Light-Front hypersurface, combined with the quasi-potential approach, is briefly illustrated, by placing a particular emphasis on the relation between the projection method and the effective dynamics of the valence component of the Light-Front wave function. Some details on how to construct the Fock expansion of both (a) the Light-Front effective interaction and (b) the electromagnetic current operator, satisfying the proper Ward?CTakahashi identity, will be presented, addressing the relevance of the Fock content in the operators living onto the Light-Front hypersurface. Finally, the generalization of the formalism to the three-particle case will be outlined.     

Collimated-hole structures as efficient differential pumping barrier, one-way valve and tool for aligning Penning traps

A collimated-hole structure consists of a very large number of parallel channels which have each a very small diameter and are closely packed together. Such devices, installed in vacuum systems allow one to separate regions of very different gas pressures. A collimated-hole structure has high transmission for a directed ion beam with low emittance but a very low conductance for rest gas atoms or molecules exhibiting random walk. Therefore it is proposed to use such a structure as one-way valve and/or efficient differential pumping barrier in set-ups using Penning traps. Furthermore, these devices might be very useful to align the axis of a Penning trap with the direction of the magnetic field lines which is essential to avoid systematic uncertainties in high-accuracy mass spectroscopy.