Ce助剂对V/SiO_2催化CO_2氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响

通过N2吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)和热重分析(TGA)等多种表征手段和催化反应性能评价,研究了铈助剂的添加对V/SiO2催化CO2氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响.结果表明,Ce助剂不仅提高了催化剂活性组分分散性和氧化还原性能,抑制了钒物种的深度还原,而且增强了催化剂碱性和CO2吸附能力,减缓了积炭生成,从而显著提高了V-Ce/SiO2对CO2氧化乙苯脱氢反应的催化活性和稳定性.在本实验中,V(0.8)-Ce(0.25)/SiO2催化剂表现出最佳的催化性能,苯乙烯(ST)收率可达55.6%,选择性为98.5%,反应12 h后,催化剂活性基本不变,与惰性N2气氛比较,CO2明显促进了乙苯脱氢反应,归因于CO2能保持催化剂表面钒物种的高价态.     

低于300℃时两种氧化铈材料对稀燃阶段NOx存储性能的影响

The present work investigated the effects of two types of CeO₂ materials on the lean NO_x trap (LNT) performance over NO_x storage reduction (NSR) catalysts below 300 ℃. These materials were obtained by mechanical mixing of 2% (w) Pt/Al₂O₃ (PA) with CeO₂-X (X=S, I). X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the physical structures of the catalysts, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) were employed to identify and quantify the surface Ce³⁺ concentrations and the amounts of surface-active oxygen. In-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (In-situ DRIFTS) was applied to analyze the surface adsorbed NO_x species. Compared with CeO₂-I, CeO₂-S presented superior physico-chemical properties, including higher surface area, richer porous texture, stronger aging-resistance, and higher surface Ce³⁺ concentration. As a result, the PA+CeO₂-S sample also exhibited outstanding NO_x trapping capacity. Furthermore, interaction between Pt and CeO₂ was observed in the PA+CeO₂-X mixtures, which facilitates NO oxidation and the NO_x trapping process owing to the accompanying increase in the activity of surface active oxygen on the CeO₂. This interaction was stronger in the case of the PA+CeO₂-S sample as compared with the PA+CeO₂-I. The Ce³⁺ content and presence of active oxygen species on the CeO₂ surface both play critical roles in the NO_x trapping process and hydrothermal treatment of the CeO₂ significantly decreased the NO_x trapping capacity of both PA+CeO₂ samples. It was also determined that the interaction between Pt and aged CeO₂ is weakened and that the NO_x trapping capacity of aged CeO₂ is enhanced after loading a small amount of Pt, which is attributed to the promotion of nitrate formation by increased surface oxygen activity.     

Preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2 over the CeO2/CuO catalyst： Effect of initial support

Three series of CeO2/CuO samples were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by XRD, N2adsorption-desorption, temperatureprogrammed reduction(TPR), XPS and TEM techniques. In comparison with the samples prepared with CuO as initial support, the samples with Cu(OH)2as initial support have higher reducibilities and smaller relative TPR peak areas, and also larger specific surface areas at calcination temperatures of 400℃–600℃. As a result, Cu(OH)2is better than CuO as initial support for preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2(CO-PROX). The best catalytic performance was achieved on the sample calcined at 600℃ and with an atomic ratio of Ce/Cu at 40%. XPS analyses indicate that more interface linkages Ce-O-Cu could be formed when it was calcined at 600℃. And the atomic ratio of Ce/Cu at 40%led to a proper reducibility for the sample as illustrated by the TPR measurements.     

添加WO3提高铈锆固溶体的氨选择性催化还原NOx反应活性

采用程序升温氨脱附、程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱分析手段表征了加入WO3前后CeO2-ZrO2颗粒催化剂的表面性能变化.结果表明,WO3一方面增加了催化剂的酸性,另一方面略微提高了催化剂的氧化还原性能.在氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物反应中,当NH3/NO=1,空速为90000h-1的条件下,CeO2-ZrO2催化剂上氮氧化物转化率低于65%,而10%WO3/CeO2-ZrO2催化剂催化活性大于80%,所对应的温度区间为220～420℃.通入10%CO2和10%H2O后,由于竞争吸附,CeO2-ZrO2催化剂上的氮氧化物转化率低于46%,而10%WO3/CeO2-ZrO2催化剂上的氮氧化物转化率大于80%的温度区间移至230～500℃.     

（Ag／Al2O3＋Cu／Ce（x）／Al2O3）组合催化剂催化乙醇选择性还原NO工及其副产物的消除

制备了Cu／Ce（x）／Al2O3（X为Ce与Al的摩尔比）系列氧化催化剂,并考察了（Ag／Al2O3＋Cu／Ce（x）／Al2O3）组合体系催化乙醇还原NO,以及氧化去除反应副产物（CO和未完全燃烧的碳氧化合物）的活性．在200～350℃温度区间,组合催化剂具有与Ag／Al2O3相似的NO,去除效率．随着Ce／Al比增加,氧化催化剂去除CO的活性逐渐提高．Cu／CeO2催化剂具有最好的氧化活性,但其对NOx的去除有较大影响．综合考虑NOx转化率以及CO和HC的去除效果,（Ag/Al2O3＋Cu／Ce（0．15）／Al2O3）是最佳的催化剂组合体系．通过对此系列氧化催化剂的BET比表面积、XRD、H2-TPR以及XPS等表征结果的分析,发现Cu和Ce之间的相互作用是催化剂氧化CO能力提高的主要原因．     

微乳液法制备的CuO-CeO2/Al2O3/FeCrAl整体式催化剂催化CO优先氧化反应

采用微乳液法将CuO-CeO2负载于FeCrAl整体式载体上,以超声波和热振荡考察了催化剂在载体表面的粘附稳定性,并测试了CuO-CeO2/Al2O3/FeCrAl整体式催化剂对一氧化碳优先氧化反应的催化性能.使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱等手段对所制备的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,CuO-CeO2可以以良好的稳定性粘附于FeCrAl载体表面,且以纳米粒子形式在载体表面分布均匀.载体对催化剂的化学状态没有显著影响,制得的整体式催化剂对一氧化碳优先氧化具有较高的催化活性和高选择性,并且有良好的稳定性.     

负载型CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的性能及其在甲烷燃烧Pd催化剂中的应用

以硅改性的氧化铝为载体,用反相微乳液法合成了负载型的CeO2-ZrO2固溶体(Ce-Zr-O/Si-Al2O3),用低温氮吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、拉曼光谱和x射线光电子能谱等方法对Ce-Zr-O/Si-Al2O3的织构性能、热稳定性和储放氧性能等进行了表征.结果表明,负载后的CeO2-ZrO2晶相与负载前相比没有变化,但热稳定性和在低温下的放氧能力及总储氧量明显提高.作为甲烷燃烧Pd催化剂的载体,Ce-Zr-O/Si-Al2O3的性能明显优于CeO2-ZrO2,Si-Al2O3和机械混合物CeO2-ZrO2 Si-Al2O3.使用0.2%Pd/10?-Zr-O/Si-Al2O3为催化剂时,甲烷90%转化率时的温度仅为345℃,比负载在其它载体上的Pd催化剂低175℃.     

草酸盐沉淀法制备超细氧化铈的研究

研究了草酸盐沉淀法制备超细氧化铈粉体的工艺.通过正交实验,研究了沉淀方式、沉淀剂的浓度、硝酸铈的浓度、反应温度、滴加速度等沉淀条件对氧化铈颗粒粒径的影响,找出了制备纳米氧化铈的最佳沉淀工艺条件.利用DTA/TG对氧化铈样品前驱体的热分解行为进行了分析,研究了培烧和干燥条件对氧化铈粒径和比表面积的影响,由此确立了制备氧化铈合适的焙烧和干燥条件.结果表明采用草酸盐反向沉淀法可以得到超细氧化铈粉体,其体积中心粒径D50为1.011μm、比表面积为42.69m2·g-1,晶体结构为立方晶系,CAF2萤石型结构,形状呈薄片状,分散性较好.     

Characterization and catalytic performance of CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using nitrogen-diluted synthesis gas over a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor

The surface species of CO hydrogenation on CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst were investigated using the techniques of temperature programmed reaction and transient response method. The results indicated that the formation of H2O and CO2 was the competitive reaction for the surface oxygen species, CH4 was produced via the hydrogenation of carbon species step by step, and C2 products were formed by the polymerization of surface-active carbon species （-CH2-）. Hydrogen assisted the dissociation of CO. The hydrogenation of surface carbon species was the rate-limiting step in the hydrogenation of CO over CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst. The investigation of total pressure, gas hourly space velocity （GHSV）, and product distribution using nitrogen-rich synthesis gas as feedstock over a laboratory scale fixed-bed reactor indicated that total pressure and GHSV had a significant effect on the catalytic performance of CeO2-Co/SiO2 catalyst. The removal of heat and control of the reaction temperature were extremely critical steps, which required lower GHSV and appropriate CO conversion to avoid the deactivation of the catalyst. The feedstock of nitrogen-rich synthesis gas was favorable to increase the conversion of CO, but there was a shift of product distribution toward the light hydrocarbon. The nitrogen-rich synthesis gas was feasible for F-T synthesis for the utilization of remote natural gas.     

Influence of preparation methods on CuO-CeO2 catalysts in the preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen

Influence of three different preparation methods, i.e. impregnation, coprecipitation, and inverse coprecipitation, on the preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen （PROX） over CuO-CeO2 catalysts has been investigated and CuO-CeO2 catalysts are characterized using BET, XPS, XRD, UV Raman, and TPR techniques. The results show that the catalysts prepared by coprecipitation have smaller particle sizes, well-dispersed CuOx species, more oxygen vacancies, and are more active in the PROX than those prepared by the other methods. However. the inverse coprecipitation depresses the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalysts and causes the growth of CuO-CeO2 because of different pH value in the precipitation process.