超声强化过氧化氢/三氯乙酸催化氧化柴油深度脱硫研究

选择H₂O₂一三氯乙酸作为催化氧化脱硫反应体系,砜类氧化产物用极性溶剂从柴油中萃取分离,研究了剂油体积比、有机酸用量、氧化反应温度、氧化反应时间等工艺参数对脱硫率的影响。在此基础上,引入功率超声为反应提供能量,并考察了超声频率、超声功率、超声时间等因素对脱硫效果的影响,从而确定最佳操作条件为,反应温度70℃,反应时间60min,三氯乙酸与过氧化氢体积比为1∶1,氧化剂与柴油体积比为1∶10,超声频率40kHz,超声功率200W,超声时间30min。萃取后柴油脱硫率可达97.5%,脱硫油收率94.0%。     

生物质快速热解油水相溶液超声乳化特性

使用生物油水相溶液与0# 柴油乳化,筛选了四种常用乳化剂和一种助乳化剂进行复配乳化实验,考察了复配乳化剂型号、乳化剂用量、超声作用时间对乳化效果的影响。结果表明,六种乳化液超过30d不破乳,与0# 柴油相比,密度和热值相差不大,含水量3%以下,黏度增大约40%,pH值降低一半。因素分析法表明,水相溶液与柴油质量比和不同的水相溶液对乳化效果影响较大。探讨了乳化机理,认为生物油水相溶液中水、醛、酸、酮等极性组分化合物稳定地被乳化剂包裹在W/O型乳化液液滴中,生物油水相溶液中少量的乙酸乙酯、芳香类化合物等则增溶于非离子乳化剂胶束中。热力学分析表明,超声乳化作用比静置作用具有更大的熵增,乳化液更趋于稳定平衡状态。     

超声辅助溶剂萃取-原子荧光法用于土壤中汞的形态分析

建立了超声辅助溶剂萃取联用原子荧光法测定土壤样品中迁移毒性态汞中无机汞和有机汞的分析方法.实验优化了萃取溶剂种类,溶剂浓度,各种辅助措施和超声波振荡时间等各种萃取条件.方法的检出限为0.01 μg/L,相对标准偏差(n=11)为2.1%.方法已应用于珠江三角洲4个代表性菜园土壤样品汞形态分析.     

Synthesis and Self-assembling of Coumarin-based Low-molecular Weight Organogelators

Four coumarin derivatives(4a―4d) with different alkoxy chains were synthesized. It was found that compound 4d showed a better gelation ability than the other compounds, for example, it could self-assemble into organogels in various organic fluids via ultrasound treatment or heating-cooling process, whereas compound 4c could only gel in a few mixed solvents and compounds 4a, 4b could not form organogel. The results from fluorescent and FT-IR spectra indicate that π-π interaction had an effect on the formatio...     

羧甲基葡聚糖磁性纳米微球的制备及表征

采用超声预处理技术,在羧甲基葡聚糖-水分散体系中,通过化学共沉淀法制备羧甲基葡聚糖磁性复合微球．采用IR,TEM,AFM,XRD和振动样品磁强计方法对产物进行了表征．实验结果表明：超声预处理方法能明显提高复合微球的分散性．制得的复合微球呈球形,分散均匀,平均粒径为100nm．它们具有超顺磁性,室温下磁性饱和磁化强度为35emu·g^-1．     

聚焦空间几何中的非坐标向量方法

随着新课程标准的不断推进,空间想象能力和几何直观能力越来越受到人们的关注,空间向量作为研究空间几何的强有力工具,给空间几何问题的研究注入了新的生机和活力,开辟了很多解题的新途径、新方法、新思路,拓宽了高考对空间几何问题的命题的新空间．     

Surface plasmon interference formed by tightly focused higher polarization order axially symmetric polarized beams

We numerically study the surface plasmon interference formed by tightly focused higher polarization order axially symmetric polarized beams (ASPBs) based on the vectorial diffraction theory. The definition of ASPBs is stated, and the optical setup for surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation and mathematical expressions for interfering SPP fields are proposed. The simulation results show that the interfering SPP fields present a multi-focal spot pattern. In addition, the number of spots is related to the polarization order of the incident beams P as 2×(P-1), indicating potential utilization in near-field multiple optical trapping and near-field imaging and sensing. The unique interfering phenomenon is also explained.     

Ultrasonic guided wave inspection with array sensors

Ultrasonic guided wave becomes one of promising tool for monitoring various types of structures such as large steel plates, vessels, and pipes in oil, chemical or nuclear industry, because guided waves have ability to travel wide range of the target structure in a single position. However, analysis of guided wave signals acquired from structure is difficult on account of low S/N ratio and its dispersive nature. To improve S/N ratio and overcome dispersion effect, focusing techniques for guided waves are needed. Thus, in this study, focusing techniques for guided waves were developed in order to improve long range inspection ability, and performance of the developed techniques was verified by experiments.     

定子表面织构对超声电机性能的影响

针对超声电机摩擦材料磨损严重和温升高的问题，采用在定子表面加工微织构的方法，提高了电机机械特性并降低了摩擦材料磨损. 首先，用显微镜测量超声电机定子表面摩擦材料黏着区域，设计出三种不同密度的凹坑织构，采用激光的方法加工在定子表面；然后，测试超声电机负载特性、效率特性和温升特性并观察定子表面. 结果表明:3-凹坑织构定子电机空载转速最高，相比光滑定子电机高出12.1%，5-凹坑织构定子电机堵转转矩和最大效率最高，分别高于光滑定子电机13.04%和17.1%，同时电机的温升也有所降低. 通过观察定子表面发现，凹坑织构有大幅降低摩擦材料黏着的作用，这种作用可以增加电机接触界面能量转换效率，提高了电机的性能并降低了摩擦材料的磨损.      

B超对119例妊娠高腹压征候群的分析

用Ｂ超对１１９例晚期妊娠出现高腹压征候群的病人分析。结果显示，该症与孕妇体位、妊娠期间胎位，羊水的多少，初产孕妇及一些不确定的体外倒转引起的孕妇腔静脉受压部位及程度关系密切。认为在仰卧位或截石位的羊水偏少和早破水的晚期孕妇，若出现不明原因头晕眼花，大汗淋漓，心慌心跳，甚至休克，应迅速改变体位，及时纠正。