缩比模型的宽频时域太赫兹雷达散射截面(RCS)研究

本文首次以钛宝石飞秒激光振荡级为抽运源,搭建了国内首套宽频时域太赫兹雷达(带宽0.1—1.3 THz)并进行了基于标准球的系统校正验证.利用该雷达测量了太赫兹波段三种缩比模型的散射时域信号.通过改进后的后向投影算法对模型的轮廓外形进行了成像研究,验证了新型时域散射信号成像机理.太赫兹雷达更高的频率,宽谱的特征和高分辨率成像的能力有望用于隐形外形设计过程,成为新兴的太赫兹散射特征研究平台.     

基于高光谱技术的蛋白粉掺假检测研究

蛋白粉是健身者必备的营养补剂,市场需求在不断增加,一些不法商家为了谋取利益,在蛋白粉中加入廉价的粉末售卖。传统的蛋白粉掺杂的检测方法费时、费力,操作复杂,且成本昂贵。高光谱技术具有易于操作、在不损害实验样本的情况下可快速检测等优点,因此,提出使用高光谱技术以实现蛋白粉掺假检测。在蛋白粉中分别加入质量百分数5%～60%,浓度间隔5%的三类掺假物（玉米粉、大米粉和小麦粉）,并采集所有样本的光谱信息。在对蛋白粉中的玉米粉、大米粉和小麦粉三类掺假物进行定性判别时,首先分别采用卷积平滑（SG）、标准化（Normalize）、多元散射校正法（MSC）、基线校正（Baseline）和标准正态变换（SNV）的预处理方法对光谱数据进行处理,然后建立基于主成分回归（PCR）、反向传播神经网络（BPNN）和随机森林（RF）的模型,其中基于全波段光谱MSC预处理方法下建立的RF模型最优,其整体准确率达到了100%,其对应的R_P和RMSEP分别为0.997 9和0.018 9。在对蛋白粉中不同掺假物浓度进行定量分析时,对三类掺假样本的光谱分别进行SG,Normalize,MSC,Baseline和SNV的预处理,并建立LSSVM模型;比较不同预处理方法下的各模型之间的性能,在蛋白粉中掺玉米粉、大米粉和小麦粉的LSSVM预测模型最佳预处理方法分别是无、Baseline和Normalize,然后,采用连续投影算法（SPA）和竞争性自适应重加权算法（CARS）对其筛选,并建立LSSVM模型,三类掺假样本的SPA-LSSVM模型对应的R_P为0.989 0,0.986 0和0.997 9,CARS-LSSVM模型对应的R_P为0.991 0,0.994 6和0.999 1,故三类掺假样本的CARS-LSSVM模型预测效果更佳。研究表明：高光谱技术可以实现对蛋白粉掺假的定性、定量的检测,并且操作简单、检测快速和无损。     

低温液氧在水平管上降膜流动特性模拟研究

为了探索低温液氧在水平管上的降膜流动特性,采用VOF模型模拟计算了不同工质、液氧饱和压力、椭圆率E对液膜厚度的影响。研究结果表明：在近似相等的Ka数下,液氧(Ka=5 382)的瞬时液膜厚度的波动振幅和局部液膜厚度最小,其次是丙烷(Ka=5 387)的、最大是水(Ka=5 344)的。瞬时液膜厚度振动幅度和局部液膜厚度随着Ka数增大而减小。在Re=1 500、D=25.4 mm时,平均液膜厚度在Ka=3 522～6 553范围内的降幅为54%。在E=1～2.5区间,局部液膜厚度随着椭圆率E的增大而减小,但是降低幅度趋缓。拟合了考虑椭圆率的液氧局部液膜厚度关联式,90%预测值和模拟值之间的相对偏差控制在±20%范围内。     

Half-metallicity induced by out-of-plane electric field on phosphorene nanoribbons

Exploring the half-metallic nanostructures with large band gap and high carrier mobility is a crucial solution for developing high-performance spintronic devices. The electric and magnetic properties of monolayer zigzag black-phosphorene nanoribbons (ZBPNRs) with various widths are analyzed by means of the first-principles calculations. Our results show that the magnetic ground state is dependent on the width of the nanoribbons. The ground state of narrow nanoribbons smaller than 8ZBPNRs prefers ferromagnetic order in the same edge but antiferromagnetic order between two opposite edges. In addition, we also calculate the electronic band dispersion, density of states and charge density difference of 8ZBPNRs under the action of out-of-plane electric field. More interesting, the addition of out-of-plane field can modulate antiferromagnetic semiconductor to the half metal by splitting the antiferromagnetic degeneracy. Our results propose a new approach to realize half-metal in phosphorene, which overcomes the drawbacks of graphene/silicene with negligible band gap as well as the transitional metal sulfide (TMS) with low carrier mobility.     

高空核爆炸X射线电离的时空分布数值模拟

利用数值模拟程序模拟了高空核爆炸辐射的X射线对不同高度大气的电离及演化过程,给出了电子的时空分布曲线．结果表明：在80km爆高1kt小当量高空核爆炸情况下,电子数密度随高度只出现一个极大值,而在80kin以上爆高情况下,电子数密度出现两个极大值,一个位于爆点附近,另一个位于90km高度附近,在这个高度电离的影响范围最大;高空核爆炸辐射的X射线在70km高度附近截止,对70km以下高度没有电离影响;随着辐射角度的增加,电子数密度出现第二个极大值的高度有所上升,X射线截止高度也有所上升．     

单级大功率斯特林型脉管制冷机模拟与实验研究

为了研究大功率斯特林型脉管制冷机中存在的流动的不均匀性、回热器和脉管内的温度不均匀性、制冷机与压缩机的阻抗匹配等问题,本文基于模拟软件Sage设计制造了一台单级大功率斯特林型脉管制冷机并对其进行了初步试验研究。在60 Hz工作频率,充气压力为1.9 MPa时,800 W输入功率下达到最低无负荷制冷温度56.9 K;充气压力为2.0MPa,输入功率为4 kW时制冷量为41.2 W@77 K,与理论模拟结果存在较大差距。实验发现回热器存在严重的温度不均匀性,中部最大温差高达120 K。     

Effects of the structural order of canthaxanthin on the Raman scattering cross section in various solvents: A study by Raman spectroscopy and ab initio calculation

In this work,we measure the Raman scattering cross sections(RSCSs) of the carbon-carbon(CC) stretching vibrational modes of canthaxanthin in benzene,acetone,n-heptane,cyclohexane,and m-xylene.It is found that the absolute RSCS of CC stretching mode of canthaxanthin reaches a value of 10 24 cm 2 ·molecule 1 ·sr 1 at 8×10 5 M,which is 6 orders of magnitude larger than general RSCS(10 30 cm 2 ·molecule 1 ·sr 1),and the RSCSs of canthaxanthin in various solvents are very different due to the hydrogen bond.A theoretical interpretation of the magnetic experimental results is given,which is introduced in a qualitative nonlinear model of coherent weakly damped electron-lattice vibration in the structural order of polyene chains.In addition,the optimal structure and the bond length alternation(BLA) parameter of canthaxanthin are calculated using quantum chemistry calculation(at the b3lyp/6-31g(d,p) level of theory).The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.Furthermore,the combination of Raman spectroscopy and the quantum chemistry calculation study would be a quite suitable method of studying the structures and the properties of the π-conjugated systems.     

通过确定初始电离位点预测吲哚类生物碱质谱的特征裂解规律

确定初始电离位点是EI源质谱解析中一个至关重要的环节. 本文提出了一种确定初始电离位点的新方法. 该法通过计算和分析分子离子自旋密度, 进而比较从中性分子到分子离子的电荷变化和键长变化, 从而确定初始电离位点. 对简单吲哚类生物碱质谱的特征裂解机理进行了预测, 结果与标准物质的质谱吻合. 在此基础上, 与传统的根据基团电离能确定电离位点的方法进行了比较. 结果表明, 该法优于电离能方法. 此法不仅可用于预测以α-裂解为主导的吲哚生物碱和其它含氮化合物的质谱裂解规律, 还为揭示其它小分子化合物以及气相多肽离子的裂解机理奠定了基础.     

Negative differential resistance behaviour in N-doped crossed graphene nanoribbons

By using first-principles calculations and nonequilibrium Green’s function technique, we study elastic transport properties of crossed graphene nanoribbons. The results show that the electronic transport properties of molecular junctions can be modulated by doped atoms. Negative differential resistance (NDR) behaviour can be observed in a certain bias region, when crossed graphene nanoribbons are doped with nitrogen atoms at the shoulder, but it cannot be observed for pristine crossed graphene nanoribbons at low biases. A mechanism for the negative differential resistance behaviour is suggested.     

烷基多苷的分析测定

ＧＣ、＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ和＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ核磁共振技术都能准确地测量出烷基多苷的平均聚合度,可判断出烷基多苷中主要苷类的出峰位置。