Crystal growth and spectral properties of Nd:Ca5(BO3)3F

A neodymium doped Ca₅(BO₃)₃F single crystal with size up to 51×48×8 mm³ has been grown by the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) technique with a Li₂O‐B₂O₃‐LiF flux. The spectra of absorption and fluorescence were measured at room temperature. According to Judd‐Ofelt (J‐O) theory, the spectroscopic parameters were calculated and the J‐O parameters Ω₂, Ω₄, Ω₆ were obtained as follows: Ω₂ = 1.41×10⁻²⁰cm², Ω₄ = 3.18×10⁻²⁰cm², Ω₆ = 2.11×10⁻²⁰cm². The room temperature fluorescence lifetime of NCBF was measured to be 51.8 μs. According to the J‐O paramenters, the emission probabilities of transitions, branching ratios, the radiative lifetime and the quantum efficiency from the Nd^{3+ 4}F_3/2 metastable state to lower lying J manifolds were also obtained. In comparasion with other Nd‐doped borate crystals, the calculated and experimental parameters show that NCBF is a promising SFD crystal.     

100 kV重复频率高压脉冲电源

为研究气体间隙的放电特性,设计了输出幅度在30～100 kV、重复频率1～5 kHz可调的高压脉冲电源。利用谐振充电的原理,将10 kV的初级电源的能量转移到中储电容,中储电容的电压升高到至少18 kV。在光触发信号的作用下,氢闸流管导通,中储电容上的能量通过脉冲变压器放电,在脉冲变压器的副边得到最大幅度为100 kV的负脉冲,其脉宽大于200 ns,前沿时间小于90 ns。整个装置在不加散热系统的情况下,可连续工作1 min以上。     

基于TTL数字电路控制的高压脉冲源

给出了一种基于TTL数字电路作为高压脉冲源触发控制单元的设计原理和方法。介绍了高压脉冲源的工作原理,设计了一台脉冲输出幅度5 kV、脉冲宽度大于200 s及脉冲前沿小于30 ns的高压脉冲源。将触发控制单元和前级开关金属氧化物半导体场效应管（MOSFET）组合成一体,控制后级气体高压开关管放电输出高压脉冲信号。实验结果验证了所采用的设计原理及方法的可行性,给出了单次触发情况下的实验结果。     

Pd/Ni异结构纳米催化剂的制备及其对甲酸氧化的电催化

通过两步还原法制备了Pd/Ni双金属催化剂.由于金属Pd原子在先行还原的Ni纳米粒子表面的外延生长以及其在Ni表面及Pd表面生长表现出的吉布斯自由能差异,最终导致了异结构Pd/Ni纳米粒子的形成.高分辨电子透射显微镜结果证实了异结构的存在,然而X射线衍射测量表明Pd/Ni纳米粒子具有类似于Pd的面心立方结构.制备的Pd/Ni纳米粒子与同等条件下合成的Pd纳米粒子相比对甲酸氧化呈现了更高的电催化活性,而且电催化稳定性也要明显优于纯Pd纳米粒子,证明Pd/Ni双金属催化剂是可选的直接甲酸燃料电池阳极催化剂.双金属催化剂对甲酸氧化电催化活性和稳定性增强可能是Ni原子的修饰改变了Pd粒子表面配位不饱和原子的电子结构所致.     

光子晶体应用于化学及生物传感器的研究进展

光子晶体是由两种以上具有不同折光指数的材料在空间按照一定的周期顺序排列所形成的有序结构材料,它具有尺度为光波长量级的重复结构单元,通过对这些结构单元的合理设计.可以调控光子晶体的光学性质.近年来,光子晶体不仅在药物释放、光学开关、金属探针领域取得了广泛的应用,也为化学及生物传感器领域提供了新的检测原理和手段.本文概述了光子晶体的制备方法及近年来该技术在化学及生物传感器领域中的应用研究.     

KDP晶体微纳米加工表层缺陷对其激光损伤阈值的影响

使用有限元方法分析了在激光辐照条件下,KDP晶体已加工表面存在的残余内应力、微裂纹及微孔等多种微纳米加工表层缺陷对晶体激光损伤阈值的影响。通过分析发现:KDP晶体微纳米加工表层缺陷的存在,会影响晶体表面的温度场及热应力场的分布,使入射激光的能量积聚在缺陷附近的很小范围内,造成晶体缺陷处产生局部熔融现象,从而使KDP晶体产生损伤,降低KDP晶体的激光损伤阈值。针对微纳米表层的微裂纹进行了损伤阈值测试实验,结果表明微裂纹的存在会降低KDP晶体的激光损伤阈值(约降低3J/cm2),实验结果与仿真结果符合得很好。     

PolyMOF Nanoparticles: Dual Roles of a Multivalent polyMOF Ligand in Size Control and Surface Functionalization

Metal–organic framework nanoparticles (MOF NPs) have emerged as an important class of materials that display significantly enhanced performance in many applications compared to bulk MOF materials; their synthesis, however, commonly involves a tedious sequence that controls particle size and surface properties in separate steps. Now, a simple strategy to access functional MOF NPs in one pot is reported that uses a polyMOF ligand possessing a polymer block for surface functionalization and a coordination block with tunable multivalency for size control. This strategy produces uniform polyMOF‐5 NPs with sizes down to 20 nm, displaying exceptional structural and colloidal stability upon exposure to ambient conditions. A detailed time‐dependent study revealed that the polyMOF NPs were formed following an aggregation‐confined crystallization mechanism. Generality was demonstrated through the synthesis of well‐defined polyUiO‐66 NPs.     

Influence of static magnetic field intensity on the separation and migration of Fe-rich bulks in an immiscible (Fe–C)–Cu alloy

In this study, we solidified an immiscible pseudo-binary (Fe–C)–50mass%Cu alloy in a static magnetic field and observed macro morphologies as a function of the magnetic flux density. The experimental result shows that the Fe-rich phase exhibits a single bulk when the alloy is solidified at a low magnetic flux density, while it is separated in to two smaller bulks at high magnetic flux densities and the distance between the bulks becomes larger with the increase of the magnetic flux density. The possible reason for the separation of the Fe-rich phase was simply proposed. As far as the migration of separated Fe-rich phase bulks is concerned, the thermoelectric effect between the Fe-rich and Cu-rich metals was considered, from which the thermoelectric body force could be exerted upon the Fe-rich droplets. The higher the body force is produced, the larger the distance will be covered due to the migration of the droplets. Further analysis reveals that the convection attributed to the thermoelectric effect may contribute to the migration of the Fe-rich droplets at a low magnetic field and become negligible at high magnetic flux densities.     

Study on power generation using electro-conductive polymer and its mixture with magnetic fluid

A new power generation system using electro-conductive polymer and its mixture with magnetic fluid is introduced. The system using non-poison electro-conductive polymer and its mixture with magnetic fluid and operating at room temperature is proposed in the present paper. The system could be used as a micro-distributed energy supply system for domestic use in the future. An experimental set-up is designed and established to investigate the performance of the power generation with an aid of a theoretical analysis of the power generation. It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the measured data. Based on the obtained results, the electric output increases with Reynolds number, size of the test channel, magnetic strength and electric conductivity. It is understood that in order to obtain a practical power generation, priority should be put on increasing fluid flow velocity and magnetic field strength.     

常温常湿条件下Au/Fe2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应的稳定性

用共沉淀法制备了Ａｕ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３催化剂,考察了焙烧温度及金含量对Ａｕ／Ｆｅ２Ｏ３催化剂上ＣＯ氧化反应的影响,结果表明,焙烧温度及金含量对催化剂的稳定性均有较大影响,金含量为３％,３００℃焙烧制得的样品具有较好的稳定性和抗水性,在常温湿条件下可连续反应４３０ｈ保持ＣＯ完全转化;催化剂的稳定性与单质金及α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的粒径成反比,并与金及铁的化学状态有关,金粒子聚集、氧化态金含量的减少及催化剂表面碳酸根物种的累积可能是导致催化剂活性衰减的主要原因。